摘要： 将来完成时 1) 用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始.延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态.或是发生在某个将来时间.但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态.就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样.其用法从和过去及现在有关.变成了和将来及将来的将来有关. 例:The conference a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted 本题考核谓语动词的时态.全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期. 句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻.因此要用将来完成时.答案是B) will have lasted.如果选A).因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测.而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended.所以犯了时态不呼应的错误.Would虽可以表示推测或可能性.但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作.所以C) would last错误.因为D) has lasted是现在完成时.表示到现在为止已经完成的动作.不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作.所以也不正确. 例: It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory by about 10%. A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising 根据by the end of this month可知.答案为A) will have risen.全句意思是“据报道.到本月底该厂的水泥产量可提高到大约10% . 2) 注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的.所以关于本时态的注意事项.可以参考“一般将来时 和“现在完成时 的有关注意事项. 英语中的时态用法比较 在英语中, 时态是英语语法中的难点之一.它种类多.容易混淆.下面笔者通过几种时态比较, 帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法. 1. 现在一般时与现在完成时 1) I come from Shanghai I have come from Shanghai 2) You read very well. You've read very well. 3) I forget. I have forgotten.(仍没想起来.可能已回忆起来了) 4) The book is written in simple English. The book has been written in simple English. 5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (两个动作不可能同时进行) Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. 6) He is gone. He has gone 7) He won't come till the play begins. He won't come till the play has begun. 8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. After I have left school, I'll go to college.(强调毕业后.两个动作可能有间隔) 9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样.后一句是美国英语) 10) Where are you? Where have you been? 2. 现在一般时与现在进行时 1) He works hard. He is working hard. 2) What do you do? What are you doing? 3) Here comes the bus! The bus is coming. 4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name. 5) You don't eat much. You're not eating much. 6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. The match is starting at 7 o'clock. 7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late. 8) Tom goes to college now. Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大.后者更生动) 9)I tell you. I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧.有感情色彩) 10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了) 11) I expect you to phone me. I'm expecting you to phone me. 12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀.表说话人惊讶.不满) 12) I find that the book is too difficult for me. I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. 13) Apples cost more these days. Apples are costing more these days. 14) He always thinks of others. He's always thinking of others. 15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody. Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody. 16) I hope you'll give us some advice. I'm hoping you'll give us some advice. 17) I must go. I must be going. 18) We can discuss this while we eat. We can discuss this while we are eating. 3. 现在完成时与过去一般时 1) I've seen him this morning. I saw him this morning. 2) Who's opened the window? Who opened the window? (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上) 3) Have you ever heard him sing? Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家) 4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事, 你听说过吗? 是一个修辞性问题.表示惊异.) 5) What have I done to make you so angry? What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一过去的时间.可能对方已不生气了.) 6) How has he done it? (他这活干的怎么样?强调结果) How did he do it?(他是怎么干这活的?强调干活的方式) 7) He has lived in New York for eight years. He lived in New York for eight years. 8) He has been called a thinker. He was called a thinker. 9) You've heard what I said. You heard what I said.(你是听见我的话的.口气严厉.具有感情色彩.) 10) I've lost my pen. I lost my pen. 11) He has already been there. He was already there. 12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day. Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. 13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了.休息后是否好些了) Did you sleep well?(暗示睡的是否舒服.满意) 4. 过去完成时与过去一般时 1) I came here after I finished middle school. I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念) 2) I waited till I saw him. I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍) 3) We hoped he would come. We had hoped he would come. 4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did. I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了) 5) Before I came here, I was a soldier. Before I came here, I had been a soldier. 6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过) 7) They were friends from many years. They had been friends for many years. 8) He did the work at 6. He had done the work at 6. 9) I learned French during my holiday. I had learned French during my holiday. 10) When she sang she sat down. When she had sung she sat down. 11) I went to bed when I did my homework. I went to bed when I had done my homework. 12) I have lived here since I was a child. I have lived here since I had a child. 5. 过去进行时与过去一般时 1) I read a book yesterday. I was reading a book yesterday. 2) The guests arrived. The guests were arriving. 3) He woke from a dream. He was waking from a dream. 4) The old man died. The old man was dying. 5) John told me about it. John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情) 6) They persuaded me to go along with them. They were persuading me to go along with them. 7) The wind blew hard all night. The wind was blowing hard all night. 8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很久了) 9) He knocked at the door. He was knocking at the door. 6. 将来一般时与现在进行时 1) Will he come? Is he coming? 2) How long will you stay hear? How long will you stay here? 3) She'll have a baby. She's going to have a baby. 4) I'll see him this evening. I'm seeing him this evening. 7. 现在一般时与过去一般式 1) Do you wish to see me? Did you wish to see me? 2) That's all I have to say. That's all I had to say. 3) How do you like the film? How did you like the film? 4) It is nice to see you. It was so nice to see you. 5) I never like him. I never liked him. 6) I think I know that voice. I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误) 7) Who is that? Who was that? 8) This cake is made at home. This cake was made at home. 8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 1) Someone has phoned you. Someone has been phoning you. 2) I've read the novel. I've been reading the novel. 3) He has lived here for six weeks. He has been living here for six weeks. (区别不大,后者更口语化) 4) Have you met her lately? Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面) 5) Who's eaten my apples? Who's been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满) 9.现在一般时与过去完成时 1) I hope that he'll come. I had hoped he would come. (经常这样用的词有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose) To the top 现在完成时 现在完成时是英语时态中最不好掌握的时态.因为对我们来说.它很难在汉语中找到相对应的说法.下面从几个方面分析一下现在完成时的用法. 1． 现在完成时的定义:动作发生在过去.对现在的影响和结果. 2． 强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果. 常用的时间状语有:already, yet, never.有时没有时间状语,多是一般疑问句. I have already seen the film. Have you decided yet? 3． 刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态. 常用的时间状语有:just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks 注意:just 和just now用不同的时态.just now一般用过去时. I have just phoned him? I have visited my parents recently. 4． 从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态. 常用的时间状语有:since, for 注意:主句的谓语动词一般是延续性的动词.如果是否定形式.主句的谓语动词可用瞬间动词.否则.不能用瞬间动词. I have lived here for 20 years. I have lived here since I came to this city I have learned English since 10 years ago. He hasn't come to visit us for a few months. 5． 从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态. 常用的时间状语有:up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life 注意:这两句话的区别 I have seen him this morning. I saw him this morning. We have learned so many things from you so far. I have seen any bird like this in my life. 6． 对过去的体验和经历. 常用的时间状语有:before, ever, once, twice, many times 注意:这两句话的区别 I have been to Beijing I have gone to Beijing Have you seen tiger before? I have been to Shanghai many times. 从上面几方面的分析. 我们把现在完成的用法和时间状语联系起来一起考虑.掌握完成时态的用法 时态语态单项选择 1 Here the bus! A is coming B comes C has come D has been coming 2 It's the third time I him this month. A had seen B see C saw D have seen 3 If you go to the western suburbs of the city , you a lot of new buildings . A will see B have seen C see D are going to see 4 ---- I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary. ---- When and where you it? A do buy B did buy C have bought D had bought 5 She showed him the photo she the day before. A has taken B took C was taking D had taken 6 While Tom , his sister is writing. A reads B has read C has been reading D is reading 7 By the time he was ten, Edison experiments in chemistry. A had already done B already had done C was already doing D already did 8 I don’t know if it or not tomorrow. A will snow B snows C has snowed D is snowing 9 He was sixty-eight. In two years he seventy. A was going to be B would be C had been D will be 10 Tom for more than a week. A has left B has gone away C went away D has been away 11 He said that honesty the key to success. A was B will be C is D is being 12 She in London till nest Monday. A will have stayed B has stayed C is staying D has been staying 13 We each other since I left Shanghai. A haven't seen B hadn't seen C didn't see D wouldn't see 14 I'll return the book to the library as soon as I it . A will finish B am going to finish C finished D have finished 15 She has bought some cloth, she herself a dress. A makes B is going to make C would make D has made 16 Don't go and bother him. He in the room. A writes B has written C is writing D has been writing 17 you ? A Do --marry B Have - married C Have --been married D Are --married Tom: This is a terribly heavy box. John: I you to carry it. A will help B am going to help C had better to help D had rather help 19 She told me that her father to the post office when I arrived A just went B has just gone C had just gone D had just been going 20 Don't get of f until the bus . A stopped B will stop C will have stopped D stops 21 Peter said that he home the next day. A was going to B will go C would go D had gone 22 He with us since he returned last month. A lives B lived C had lived D has lived 23 They to help but could not get here in time. A had wanted B have wanted C was wanting D want 24 They will go to work in the countryside when they school next year . A will leave B will have leave C are leaving D leave 25 I didn't know when they again. A came B were coming C had come D had been coming 26 The fence near the window. A stand B is standing C have stood D stands 27 They here for more than a month. A have arrived B have reached C have come D have been 28 We a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon. A had had B would have C were having D had 29 She told us she had met you in London last year. you her since ? A Had --met B Did --see C Would--meet D Have --seen 30 If it tomorrow, we won't go to the school farm. A is to rain B will be raining C will rain D rains 31- you to the 6:30 broadcast? A Have--listened B Did --listen C Had -- listened D would --listen 32 I Tom has made a mistake. A am thinking B shall think C think D have been thinking 33 I writing the article now. A finish B is finishing C finished D have finished 34 When you to study English? A have --begun B did --begin C had --begun D do -- begin 35He was taken into hospital last week. In fact he ill for three months. A has been B has got C had fallen D had been 36 I'll look after your children after you . A will go B will have gone C are gone D went 37 He of how he could do more for the people . A will always think B is always thinking C has always thought D does always think 38 The foreign friends here just now. A left B have left C have been away from D had left 39 The teacher said that we ten lessons by the end of this term. A should study B have studied C were going to study D should have studied 40 We there when it to rain. A were getting --would begin B were about to get --began C had got --had begun D would get--began 41 Han's Christian Anderson a lot of fairy tales. A had written B wrote C was writing D has written 42 It ten years since he left Shanghai. A was B is C had been D will be 43 We about two thousand English words by the end of last term. A learned B have learned C had learned D would learn 44Since when you so many young trees? A have--planted B do --plant C did --plant D had --planted 45 It long before we celebrate the New Year's Day. A isn't B hasn't been C wasn't D won't be 46 ------Where have you been? ------I to the railway station. A have gone B have been C went D am going 47 I along the road when suddenly some patted me on the shoulder from behind. A walked B had walked C was walking D would walk 48 My brother Tom quite well, they were introduced at a Party. A is knowing B was knowing C knows D had been knowing 49 I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I them. A wouldn’t study B haven't studied C hadn't studied D wasn't studying 50 Don't be late, Mary, the train at 8 a.m. A is starting B has started C would start D starts 51 There will come a day when the people of the whole country a happy life . A live B will live C will have lived D are living 52 If I had enough money, I a trip. A took B would take C had taken D would have taken 53 My father, who died fifteen years ago, very kind to me. A is B was C had been D would be 54 We our seats till the party had begun. A hadn't found B didn't find C haven't found D wouldn't fine 55 We that you would be able to visit us. A hope B were hoping C have hoped D hoped 56 By 1914 Einstein world fame. A gained B would gain C had gained D was gaining 57 The man put on his hat and away. A had gone B would go C has gone D went 58 Comrade Wang the Party for about three years. A has attended B has joined C has been in D has taken part in 59 ------- you to New York? -------Yes, I there three years ago. A Have --been--went B Did --go --have been C Have --gone --went D Have --been --had gone 60 she was praised for what she A did B has done C would do D had done 61 The book on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up. A is lying B has lain C has been lying D lay 62 The boy . A bullet through his chest on the left side A had died --passed B died --had passed C died passed D had died --had passed 63 It and the streets were still wet. A had been raining B rained C has rained D would rain 64 If I when he comes, wake me up. A sleep B will sleep C am sleeping D will be sleeping 65 Hardly the bell when the teacher came in. A did --ring B would --ring C has--rung D had --rung 66 I from him so far. A didn’t hear B don't hear C haven't heard D hadn't heard 67 The students went out before the bell . A had rung B has rung C didn't ring D hadn't rung 68 It was two years since I with here. A had dined B was dining C dined D had been dining 69 By this time next year, we all the land onto rice fields. A had turned B will have turned C have turned D have been turning 70 What you this time tomorrow morning? A will--do B have--been doing C are--doing D will--be doing 71 In the past it people two years to go round the world. A had taken B has taken C took D was taking 72 Great changed in my hometown in the past few years. A were taken place B have been taken place C took place D have taken place 73 His father several times during the war of liberation. A had been wounded B was wounded C wounded D had wounded 74 This novel well. A sells B is sold C will be sold D has been sold 75 the new color film this year? A Will--be shown B Did--show C Are--shown D Has--been shown 76 The work in two days. A has been finished B will finish C will be finished D are finished 77 I shouldn't trust him because he the police. A is known by B knows C has known to D is known to 78 Thousands of people took part in the work when the Three Gorges project . A would be built B was building C were being built D had been built 79 This sick man to hospital right away. A must send B will send C ought be sent D must be sent 80 Do you know when the Chinese Communist Party ? A is found B found C has been founded D was founded 81 When I got to his home, I that he to Beijing. A told --had gone B was told --went C was told--had gone D told --had been 82 we to be careful of rats since the whole street was full of rubbish. A warned B have warned C have been warned D were warning 83- you in the heavy rain last night? A Were--caught B Did--catch C Had--been caught D Have--caught 84 How long the concert ? A has -been lasted B did--last C will --be lasted D was --lasted 85 when sugar enough, a black substance appears. A heats B is heated C will beat D will be heated 86 The fire of London on the right of September, 1666. A was broken out B had broken out C broke out D broken out 87 The police outside the ball in large numbers. A have stationed B were stationed C stationed D has been stationed 88 -------Why does Mary look to be so sorry? - ------Because she by her classmates. A has been laughed B has laughed at C was laughed D has been laughed at 89 English textbooks in that publishing house. A were published B have been published C are published D had been published 90 The story , and everybody knows about it. A has got round B got round C was got round D has been got round 91 She wondered what over here. A has happened B was happened C had been happened D had happened 92 this dictionary to your brother? A Does --belong B Is --belonged C Has --been belonged D Is--belonging 93 During the illness of their mother, the children by a neighbor. A took care of B were taken care C were taken care of D have been taken care 94 For this he on twice. A has operated B operated C had been operated D has been operated 95 Water into steam if it is heated to its boiling point. A is going to be turned B will be turned C has been turned D is being turned 96 We’d better do our Christmas shopping. Time A is running out B is run out C have been ran out D is running out of

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