摘要:B OD UOY WONK TAHW SIHT SYAS? Do you know how to read this? This is how to do it: read each word backwards. If that was too easy for you, try to work out how to read this: DBO ZPV SFBE UIJT? Did you see how to do it ? Change each letter to the one that comes before it in the alphabet. Both of the 'secret' sentences above are in cipher. You do not have to look up anything in a book to find out what they mean. You have to know the system. Then you know how to read them. A cipher is always based on a system. The system may be a matter of changing the order of letters or words, or of substituting letters or words for other letters or words, according to a plan. Sometimes numbers or symbols have to be replaced by letters or words, but there is always a system, or plan. The Morse code, for example, is not really a code at all. It is a cipher. It was invented by a man called Samuel Morse. It uses an alphabet of dots and dashes for the letter of the ordinary alphabet. A code uses substitution, too, but in a different way. A code uses signs, sounds, numbers, letters or words to stand for words, sentences or complete thoughts. In a cipher each of these stands for a single letter. In a code one of these stands for a whole word, a whole sentence or the whole message. 75. The first sentence in the passage is written in . cipher Morse 76. According to the cipher plan suggested in paragraph 1, DBO ZPV SFBE UIJT? Means . (A) MAY I HELP YOU? (B) ARE YOU FREE NOW? (C) CAN YOU READ THIS? (D) DID YOU KNOW THEM? 77. The Morse code substitutes . words letters

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Romanian-born German writer Herta Mueller won the 2009 Nobel Prize in literature yesterday, honored for work that "with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, describes the landscape of the dispossessed(被流放者)," the Swedish Academy said.

   The 56-year-old author, who immigrated to Germany from Romania in 1987, first gained public attention in 1982 with a collection of short stories titled Niederungen, or Lowlands in English, which was promptly censored(审查通过) by her government.

   In 1984 an uncensored version was smuggled to Germany where it was published and her work describing life in a small, German-speaking village in Romania was popular with the readers there. That work was followed by Oppressive Tango in Romania.

  "The Romanian national press was very critical of these works while, outside of Romania, the German press received them very positively," the Academy said. "Because Mueller had publicly criticized the dictatorship(独裁) in Romania, she was prohibited from publishing in her own country.” In 1987 she immigrated to Germany with her husband two years before dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was toppled from power.

   Mueller's parents were members of the German-speaking minority in Romania and father served in the Waffen SS during World War II. After the war ended, many German Romanians were deported(放逐) to the Soviet Union in 1945, including her mother, who spent five years in a work camp in what is now Ukraine.

   Most of her works are in German, but some works have been translated into English, French and Spanish, including The Passport, The Land of Green Plums, Traveling on One Leg and The Appointment.

   Mueller has given guest lectures at universities, colleges and other venues in Paderborn, Warwick, Hamburg, Swansea, Gainsville (Florida), Kassel, Gottingen, Tubingen and Zurich among other places. She lives in Berlin. Since 1995 she has served as a member of Deutsche Akademie fur Sprache und Dichtung, in Darmstadt."

   Mueller is the 12th woman to win the literature prize. Recent female winners include Austria's Elfriede Jelinek in 2004 and British writer Doris Lessing in 2007.

   The award includes a $1.4 million prize and will be handed out on December 10

1.Herta Mueller was awarded Nobel Prize in literature because of____________.

A.her public criticism upon the dictatorship in Romania

B.her works with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose

C.her works describing the life of the dispossessed in Germany 

D.the popularity of her works with the readers in the German-speaking village

2.Which of the following statements is mentioned by the author?

    A.German Romanians were treated unfairly in Germany in the 1940s.

B.Her parents were dispossessed to Ukraine after the World War II.

C.Her first work was published in Germany in the early 1980s.

D.Her works were all translated into versions in different languages.

3.It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _____.

    A.people then in Romania had the right to say whatever was true.

    B.Herta Mueller left her home country after the dictatorship was ended.

    C.Herta Mueller immigrated to Germany together with her parents.

    D.Romanian citizens lived a hard life without democracy in the 1980s.

4.According to the passage, which of the following works has an English version? 

    A.Lowlands in English                  B.Oppressive Tango in Romania.  

C.Traveling on One Leg                 D.The Land of Green Plums

5.What is the passage mainly about?

    A.Mueller made great contribution to literature through hard work

B.Mueller won the Nobel Prize for her great literature works.

C.Mueller gained great popularity by describing dictatorship.

D.Mueller was treated badly in Romania and immigrated to Germany.

 

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  Will Nanfang University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announce a new beginning for China’s higher education reform? It’s too early to answer. But its presence is challenging the Ministry of Education. Even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies(奇才), to begin classes on March l, 2011.On graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the Ministry of Education-unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities.

The school is committed to modeling itself on Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions. Other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas.

The difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away. On Dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited Nanfang University of Science and Technology for interviews.

Private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation. Not a penny comes from the government. So the government will have no voice in how the school will be run.

The Ministry of Education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.The goal is to make China’s higher education internationally competitive. To accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out. The ministry should have applauded the independence the school in Shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise.

Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage. Nanfang University of Science and Technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather than a diploma mill.

Over 1,000 students and parents visited the school because         .

    A.they believe that the school will have a bright future

    B.they believe the government is sure to approve the school

    C.the school models itself on Hong Kong University successfully

    D.they will never do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions

The trouble the students in the school may have is that          .

    A.the government will have no voice in the school

    B.they won’t receive any diploma when graduating from the school

    C.other schools are unlikely to accept their diploma from the school

    D.they will not learn how to be competitive

What does the author think of Nanfang University of Science and Technology?

    A.It is another kind of diploma mill.

    B.It’s impossible for the school to be competitive.

    C.It will never get the approval from the Ministry of Education.

    D.Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform.

What is the best title of the passage?

    A.University of New Style.             B.China’s Education Reform.

    C.Modeling Hong Kong University.       D.Authorized or Not?

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