The human brain contains ten thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human－like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble（装配）a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render（致使）it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering（改变）the architecture but that two will happen.

I think it is certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival（媲美）and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.

As the intelligence of robots increased to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale（规模经济）we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man－created world in space, home to thousands of millions of people, will be within our power.

68.In what way can we make a machine intelligent?

A.By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space

B.By working hard for 10 or 20 years

C.By either programming it or changing its structure

D.By reproducing it

69.The word “carbon” stands for     .

A.intelligent robots                             B.a chemical element 

C.an organic substance                       D.human beings

70.A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when     .

A.its intelligence and cost are beyond question

B.it is able to bear the rough environment

C.it is made as complex as the human brain

D.its architecture is different from that of the present ones

71.It can be inferred from the passage that     .

A.after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction

B.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability

C.once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence.

D.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space

The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such large numbers used to discourage us and cause us to remove the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure of. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to fit a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to make it intelligent by loading in the right software or by changing the architecture, but that too will happen.

I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon（硅） will arise first to rival（竞争） and then go beyond their human ancestors. Once they go beyond us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.

As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale, we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to resist environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.

1．In what way can we make a machine intelligent?

       A．By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.

       B．By working hard for 10 or 20 years.

       C．By either properly programming it or changing its structure.

       D．By reproducing it.

2．What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?

       A．He believes they will be useful to human beings.

       B．He believes that they will control us in the future.

       C．He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.

       D．He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.

3．A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when          .

       A．its intelligence and cost are beyond question

       B．it is able to bear the rough environment

       C．it is made as complex as the human brain

       D．its architecture is different from that of the present ones

4．It can be inferred from the passage that           .

       A．after the installation（system） of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction.

       B．with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability.

       C．once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence.

       D．robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space.

Every year landslides {滑坡} cause 25 to 50 deaths and $1.5 billion in damage in the United States．They account for 15 percent of the deaths from natural disasters in Europe．And in Decem??ber, a single event killed more than 200 people in the Philippines．Sending workers to stabilize (加固) mountainsides using steel bars and cement (水泥) can help prevent disaster, but it introduces new difficulties．Shaking drills produce harmful dust and loosen heavy, dangerous debris (米屑)．"It's quite a risky job," says Giorgio Pezzuto of D'Appolonia, an engineering company in Italy.

D'Appolonia, working with eight other companies, may have an answer:  a three-ton robot called Roboclimber．"The idea is to operate a machine far away that can drill without a hu??man being on board,'" says Pezzuto, manager for the project, which is supported by the European Commission．Engineers claim that the machine will be faster and cheaper than manual labor．The robot, a large radio-controlled four-legged me??chanical spider (蜘蛛), has cost at least $2 mil??lion so far．The final product should be able to climb unstable mountainsides, drill holes, insert bars and cement, and collect data on the slope' s stability．Testing should begin in May.

The underlined word "event" (in Paragraph l) refers to ___.

A．landslide         B．machine C．earthquake       D．flood

The purpose in writing this text is ___..

A．to tell people how serious the damage caused by landslides is

B．to tell people that sending workers to sta??bilize mountainsides is a risky job

C．to introduce a product that can be used to stabilize mountainsides

D．to show people how to use a new product

What does the robot look like?

A．A human being． B．A spider．C．A truck．       D．A drill．

The biggest advantage of this product is that_________.

A．it will be faster and cheaper than manual labor

B．it can climb mountainsides, drill holes, insert bars and cement

C．it can collect data on the slope’s stability

D．it can drill without a human being on board

A land free from destruction(毁灭，破坏), plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply —— all these were important1in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.2they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men ——3individuals who could invent machines, find new4of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution5from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were6inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research7.He is not necessarily working8that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is all trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by9the theories10science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a11result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb(灯泡), or one of12other objectives. Most of the people who13the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions14a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years15.

1. 1.
   1. A.
      cases
   2. B.
      reasons
   3. C.
      factors
   4. D.
      situations
2. 2.
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      But
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      And
   3. C.
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   4. D.
      Even
3. 3.
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   2. B.
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   3. C.
      motivating
   4. D.
      creative
4. 4.
   1. A.
      origins
   2. B.
      sources
   3. C.
      bases
   4. D.
      discoveries
5. 5.
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      came
   2. B.
      arrived
   3. C.
      stemmed
   4. D.
      appeared
6. 6.
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      better
   3. C.
      more
   4. D.
      worse
7. 7.
   1. A.
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   2. B.
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   3. C.
      reluctantly
   4. D.
      accurately
8. 8.
   1. A.
      now
   2. B.
      and
   3. C.
      all
   4. D.
      so
9. 9.
   1. A.
      planning
   2. B.
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   3. C.
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   4. D.
      means
10. 10.
    1. A.
       of
    2. B.
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    3. C.
       to
    4. D.
       as
11. 11.
    1. A.
       single
    2. B.
       sole
    3. C.
       specialized
    4. D.
       specific
12. 12.
    1. A.
       few
    2. B.
       those
    3. C.
       many
    4. D.
       all
13. 13.
    1. A.
       proposed
    2. B.
       developed
    3. C.
       supplied
    4. D.
       offered
14. 14.
    1. A.
       as
    2. B.
       if
    3. C.
       because
    4. D.
       while
15. 15.
    1. A.
       ago
    2. B.
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    3. C.
       ahead
    4. D.
       before