摘要:A.leading ing C.waiting ting

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  Dr.Jack M.Gwaltney, Jr.a professor at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, infected six student volunteers with virus, the most common cause of colds.A few days later, when they were coughing and sneezing, he gathered 37 more people and divided them into three groups.Group 1 members spent three days and nights in the same room with one of the infected students, separated by a screen so they couldn't touch one another.Group 2 sat around a table while an infected volunteer talked, coughed and sang to them.Group 3 held hands with an infected student for ten seconds, and then touched their own noses or eyes.

  Although most scientists at the time, the mid-70s, believed colds were spread by virus-laden droplets spread through the air when infected people coughed or sneezed, Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role.Sure enough, of the 15 people who had touched a student volunteer, 11 became infected-compared with only one of those who had been sitting at the table, and none who had spent three days and nights together.

  "The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus," says Gwaltney.The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney's reputation as a leading authority.

  Dr.Robert Couch says, "It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr.Common Cold."

  When Gwaltney is asked how close scientists are to finding a cure, he replies:"If you mean ‘get rid of', I don't think we're going to be able to do that with cold viruses any time soon.But if you look in the dictionary, you'll see that 'cure' is explained as a successful treatment.And we're not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms(症状)-we're getting at the root cause too."

(1)

Dr.Jack M.Gwaltney conducted the experiment in order to ________.

[  ]

A.

find out the most common cause of colds

B.

infect the student volunteer

C.

find out the role physical contact plays in the common colds

D.

find out the role virus-laden air plays in the infection of colds

(2)

The result of the experiment shows that ________ plays an important role in the infection of colds.

[  ]

A.

sneezing at the infected person

B.

touching the infected person

C.

sitting together with the infected person

D.

talking with the infected person

(3)

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Dr.Gwaltney was sure that hand-to-hand touch is the cause of the common cold.

B.

Only one of the people who had spent three days and nights together became infected.

C.

Dr.Gwaltney conducted many an experiment as to the cause of colds.

D.

Dr.Gwaltney tested altogether 43 volunteers to see how they could develop colds.

(4)

When Dr.Gwaltney gives a reply in the end of the passage, he means that ________.

[  ]

A.

they have found the fundamental cause of colds

B.

they have managed to wipe out the cold viruses

C.

they have meant to experiment more

D.

they have made much progress in dealing with colds

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

 ____46____ . He had more money than he could ever spend, and he was admired and looked up to by his community._____47_____ .He was not happy. All his life he had been pursuing happiness and struggling for happiness, but he had never been able to find it.

Then one day he heard about a hidden temple in Nepal that had a special room that contained the secret of happiness._____48_____ .After many years searching and countless hardships he arrived there. He was tired and penniless, but he knew that none of that mattered now because he had found the temple. He asked a wise, smiling monk(和尚)if he could enter the special room. The monk agreed and showed him to the stairs leading to the room._____49____ .He stared into the room with sunlight streaming through the window and saw what he had come so far to find. There hanging on the wall was the secret of happiness. The man looked at his reflection in the mirror and laughed.

___50___ .Happiness is a choice that we can make. Don’t spend the rest of your life searching the world for happiness then. Just look at the mirror and laugh. Let the happiness flow from your heart, mind, and soul until it fills your life and the lives of all around you.

He immediately sold all that he owned and set out to find this hidden temple. The man found the secret of happiness at last.

But he knew that something was missing in his life.

He climbed them with legs shaking with expectation and slowly opened the door.

There was once a very wealthy and successful man.

It is time we all realized that we were the secret of our own happiness.

It was difficult to find the temple in Nepal.

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Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David saw the railroad both as a boon(要求) to democracy(民主国家) and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler(掠夺者) of nature, furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise. It might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
  For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays and important role belong to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’ books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading—works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel”, are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.
【小题1】The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to______.

A.railroadB.manifestationC.speedD.nature
【小题2】In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development of railroads were______.
A.highly enthusiasticB.both positive and negative C.unchangingD.Disinterested
【小题3】 According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of the following kinds of books except_______. 
A.thrillersB.boys’ booksC.romancesD.important novels
【小题4】 The phrase “first rank” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A.largest category(类别)B.highest quality C.earliest writersD.most difficult language
【小题5】 Which of the following topics is the main idea of passage?
A.The role of the railroad in the economy of the USA 
B.Major nineteenth century writers
C.The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature
D.The railroad as a subject for literature

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Alzheimer’s disease is a major national health problem.Nearly 2 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer’s disease.It is a leading cause of death among the elderly.But Alzheimer’s disease is not confined (限于) to the aged.There may be a million or more people under the age of 65 suffering from the disease.

  At one time,people suffering from the disease were said to be“getting old”.The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old,but it is now known that Alzheimer’s disease strikes young and old alike.It is an organic (器官的) disease,that destroys brain cells.

  Alzheimer’s disease affects the patient’s memory,speech,and movement.In the beginning stages of the disease,the patient may seem slightly confused.He may have trouble speaking,then the patient’s memory begins to fail.He may forget dates,numbers,names and plans.

As the disease progresses,the patient may not recognize family and friends.These symptoms(症状) often cause terrible anxiety in the patient.He may feel lost and frightened.Sometimes the patient reacts with wild and bad behavior.

  In the last stages of the disease,the patient may not be able to take care of himself.He may have lost the ability to speak and walk.

  Scientists don’t know exactly what causes Alzheimer’s disease.It may be caused by a virus (病毒).It may be caused by a poisonous substance(物质) in the environment.At present,there is no cure for the disease.But there are ways to slow its progress.Exercise and physical treatment can help the patients of this disease.

The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer’s disease ________.

A.is a terrible part of the aging process

B.is an organic disease that affects young and old

C.can be cured by physical treatment

D.causes forgetfulness

All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease EXCEPT________.

A.forgetfulness                                                B.difficulty in speaking

C.loss of sight                                                  D.loss of the ability to walk

According to the passage,which of the following may be a cause of Alzheimer’s disease?

A.Poisons produced by the brain.                       B.Getting old.

C.A virus.                                                        D.Lack of exercise.

The press of Alzheimer’s disease can be slowed by________.

A.operation                                                     B.a change in environment

C.medicines                                                     D.physical treatment and exercise

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What do Chinese college graduates have in common with ants? The recent 36 Ant Tribes about the life of some young people 37 flock (群集) to Beijing after 38 university,describes the graduates,like ants,as smart but 39 as individuals,drawing strength from living together in communities.

The book,which is based 40 two years of interviews with about 600 low-income college graduates in Beijing, 41 in mid-September,about a month ahead of an announcement by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security that 74% of the 6.11 million new graduates from universities and colleges had been 42 by Sept.1.

The book’s chief editor,Lian Sir,tells that piece of statistic says 43 about the real situation for many of these graduates.“I am always  44  how many of these employed college graduates are leading a happy life,” Lian said.“I hope this book could offer a window on these graduates,whose stories are 45  known.”

The setting of the book is several so-called “settlement villages for college students” in the outskirts (市郊) of Beijing,where a large 46 of college graduates 47 .Most of these graduates work for 48 or medium-sized businesses, 49 less than 2,000 Yuan a month.They live together because it’s 50: The rent in these communities is only around 350 Yuan a month.Many of them travel several hours a day for short-term jobs or job interviews.

Tangjialing,a small 51 20 kilometers from Tian’anmen Square,has around 3,000 52 villagers,but has become a 53 for more than 50,000 migrants (移民),most of whom 54 from universities or colleges all over the country.Lian describes the students’ 55 as five or six-storey buildings built by local farmers with 12 rooms on each floor and two or three people crammed (挤) together in each room of about 10 square meters.Up to 70 or 80 people share the same toilet and kitchen.

36.A.film           B.story           C.book           D.magazine

37.A.who           B.what            C.which          D.whose

38.A.leaving         B.entering         C.visiting          D.enjoying

39.A.necessary       B.meaningless      C.important       D.strong

40.A.in             B.on            C.at             D.for

41.A.came up         B.came on         C.came along       D.came out

42.A.fired           B.interviewed      C.employed        D.trained

43.A.much          B.little            C.some           D.more

44.A.wondering         B.researching      C.studying        D.telling

45.A.seldom         B.well           C.always          D.often

46.A.deal           B.plenty          C.amount          D.number

47.A.work           B.go            C.relax           D.live

48.A.small           B.big           C.famous         D.unknown

49.A.earning         B.thinking     C.shopping         D.paying

50.A.expensive        B.comfortable       C.cheap          D.convenient

51.A.city           B.town          C.community       D.village

52.A.original         B.young         C.rich            D.poor

53.A.school          B.hotel         C.home          D.company

54.A.come          B.differ           C.graduate        D.suffer

55.A.lives           B.dormitories      C.buildings         D.restaurants

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