A. control B. chance C. aims D. measurements——青夏教育精英家教网—

摘要：A. control B. chance C. aims D. measurements

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If the population keeps growing without any________, there will not be enough _______even to stand in on the earth.

A. control; space　　　　　　　 B. order; spaces

C. limit; ground　　　　　　　 D. prevention; space

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said．

　　Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition．That's because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study．Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You're a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well．

　　The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes．The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said．

　　Researchers randomly assigned(分派)173 families to one of these groups．In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable．A second group of parents used verbal praise．The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”．

　　Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience．The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later．

　　Why didn't the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents' words may have seemed “insincere” to their children．

(1)

The purpose of writing the passage is ________．
[　　]
A．	to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
B．	to show the procedure of an experiment on children's diet
C．	to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D．	to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents

(2)

The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
[　　]
A．	shoot from behind the back
B．	make a lire in the hackyard
C．	produce an unexpected result
D．	achieve what was planned

(3)

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
[　　]
A．	Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery．
B．	It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables．
C．	Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables．
D．	Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables．

(4)

How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?
[　　]
A．	By comparison．
B．	By asking questions．
C．	By giving examples,
D．	By discussion．

(5)

What can we learn from the last paragraph?
[　　]
A．	Children like rewards, not verbal praise．
B．	Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone．
C．	Children are difficult to inspire．
D．	Parents should give up verbal praise．

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阅读理解

　　Warning：reading too much Cinderella to your daughter may damage her emotional health in later life．A paper to be developed at the international congress of cognitive psychotherapy in Gothenburg suggests a link between the attitudes of women abused by their parents and early exposure to the wrong sort of fairy tales．It says girls who identified with Cinderella, Rapunzel and Beauty in Beauty and the Beast were more likely to say in destructive relationships as adults．

　　The theory was developed by Susan Darker Smith, a psychotherapist at the University of Derby．She interviewed 67 female abuse survivors and found that 61 put up with severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience, composition and love．The same view was taken by male survivors who had been abused as children．Hardly any of the women in a control group, who had not experienced abuse, thought they could change their partners in this way．

　　These women and men said they would leave a relationship rather than put up with abuse from a partner．Ms Darker Smith found the abused women were much more likely to identify with Cinderella and other submissive female characters in fairytales, who were later rescued by a stranger prince or hero．

　　Although most girls heard the stories, damage appeared to be done to those who adopted the characters as role models．“They believe if their love is strong enough they can change their parents’ behaviors,”she said．“Overexposure in children to stories that emphasize the transformational qualities of love may make women believe they can change their partners．”For example, they might never have understood the obvious flaw in the story of Rapunzel, who remained locked in a high tower until rescued by a knight on a white horse, who broke the door down．“The question,”said Ms Darker Smith,“is why she did not break the door down herself．”

(1)

The passage is especially intended for ________．
[　　]
A．	parents with young daughters
B．	girls who like reading fairy stories
C．	girls who think they can change their partners
D．	parents with grown-up daughters

(2)

Cinderella, Rapunzel and Beauty in Beauty and the Beast are similar in that ________．
[　　]
A．	they all married some princes
B．	they all changed their partners with love
C．	they were all abused by their partners
D．	they all put up with abuse

(3)

Which of the following statements is true of the women in a control group?
[　　]
A．	They don’t believe in fairy tales．
B．	They don’t believe in the transformational qualities of love．
C．	They have also experienced abuse．
D．	They survived abuse．

(4)

What does the underlined word“submissive”in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?
[　　]
A．	kind-hearted
B．	passive
C．	gentle
D．	easy-going

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Dear XXX,　

As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write a letter to you to tell you all that is on my mind.

Do your best in classes, but don’t let pressure get to you. If you graduate and learn something in your four years, we would feel happy. Your Columbia degree will take you far, even if you don’t graduate with honors. So please don't give yourself pressure. The only thing that matters is that you learned. The only measurement you should use is that you tried.

Most importantly, make friends and be happy. College friends are often the best in life, because during college you are closer to them physically than to your family. Also, going through independence and adulthood is a natural bonding (结合的) experience. Pick a few friends and become really close to them — pick the ones who are genuine and sincere to you. Don’t worry about their hobbies, grades, looks, or even personalities. If you think you like someone, tell her. You have very little to lose. People are not perfect, so as long as they are genuine and sincere, trust them and be good to them. They will give back. This is my secret of success — that I am genuine with people and trust them (unless they do something to lose my trust).

College is the four years where you have:

　　•the greatest amount of free time

　　•the first chance to be independent

　　•the most flexibility to change

　　•the lowest risk for making mistakes

So please treasure your college years – make the best of your free time, become an independent thinker in control of your destiny. May Columbia become the happiest four years in your life, and may you blossom into just what you dream to be.

Love,

XXX

1.What is the most probable relationship between the writer and the receiver of the letter?

A. Friends. B. A parent and his or her daughter.

C. A teacher and a student. D. Sisters.

2.Which of the following suggestions is not given to the receiver in the letter?

A. How to adapt to the college life quickly.

B. To make new friends.

C. To learn to be independent in thinking.

D. Not to make herself under much pressure in grades.

3.According to the writer of the letter, college is a time _______.

A. during which one may make mistakes

B. during which one has little free time

C. during which it is hard for one to change

D. during which one needs to learn to be independent

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How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes （糖尿病） . Believing my career （职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it----the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success―you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. “Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”

Kirsten Best

Poet ＆ Writer

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的） tool.”

　　60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

　　A. Difficulties influenced his career.

　　B. Specialists offered him medical advice.

　　C. Training helped him defeat his disease.

　　D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

　　61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

　　A. Her training schedule.

　　B. Her daily happenings.

　　C. Her achievements.

　　D. Her sports career.

　　62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

　　A. Ways that help one to focus.

　　B. Words that help one to feel less tense.

　　C. Activities that turn one's attention away.

　　D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

　　63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?

　　A. Courage.

　　B. Devotion.

　　C. Hard work.

　　D. Self-confidence.

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