Critics of cloning often repeat the question related to the controversial(有争议的) science “Just because we can, does it mean we should?”  The closer we come to being able to clone a human, the hotter the debate over it grows. For all the good things cloning may achieve, opponents say that it will do just as much harm. Another question is how to governing cloning process.
There is federal official law banning cloning in the United States, but several states have passed their own laws to ban the practice. The US Food and Drugs Administration(FDA), has also said that anyone in the United States attempting human cloning must first get its permission. In Japan, human cloning is a crime that is punished by up to 10 years in prison.
While laws are to ban cloning at this time, some scientists believe that the technology is not ready to be tested on humans. Ian Wilmut, one of the co-creators of Dolly, has even said that human cloning projects would be an irresponsible crime. Cloning technology is still in its early stages, and nearly 98% percent of cloning efforts end in failure. The embryos are either not suitable for implanting into the uterus(子宫) or they die shortly after birth.
The clones that do survive end up suffering from deadly or problematic genetic abnormalities(畸形). Some clones have been born with faulty heart, lung problems and blood vessel problems. One of the most famous cases was a cloned sheep that was born with but malformed arteries(畸形动脉) leading to the lungs.
Opponents of cloning will point out that we can enthanize(安乐死) these faulty clones of other animals, but they ask what if a human clone is born with these same problems. Advocates of cloning respond that it is now easier to pick out faulty embryos even before they are implanted into the mother. The debate over human cloning is just beginning, but as science advances, it could be the biggest moral dilemma of the 21st century.
68. Which word in the text is the opposite of the underlined word “opponents”?
A. critics        B. advocates          C. scientists           D. co-creators
69. The writer writes this passage mainly to ________________.
A. support passing laws to ban human cloning
B. list problems with human cloning
C. introduce critics’ ideas about human cloning
D. state the debate over human cloning
70. Which of the following will Ian Wilmut probably NOT agree with?
A. Cloning technology is in its early stages.
B. Human cloning should be made illegal.
C. Very few cloning efforts are successful.
D. Cloning technology is ready to be tested on humans

The plan：turn Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields ,and then fill it with creatures（生物）from the earth.?

This idea may sound like something from a science fiction（科幻小说）,but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers .This suggested future for the “red planet” will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA（美国宇航局）this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event .It comes as NASA is preparing a multibillion-dollar Mars research programme.?

“Turning Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction,” said Dr Michael Meyer, NASA's senior scientist for astrobiology（太空生物学）.“Now ,with scientists exploring the reality ,we can ask what the real possibilities of changing Mars are.”?

Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth ,although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal.?

“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet,”said Paul Morin ,of the Institute of Astronomy ,Cambridge ,UK.?

Over the past months ,scientists have become increasingly confident they will find Martian life forms .Europe and America's robot explorers have found proof that water ,mixed with soil ,exists in large amounts on the planet.

1.Those who agree to turn Mars into a little earth_______.?

A.are short of confidence

B.will gain the support of NASA?

C.realize their dream needs lots of time and money

D.are asking for advice on how to carry it out?

2.The author took Paul Morin as an example to show he_______.?

A.is for the idea of exploring Mars

B.is active in saving the earth?

C.is against the idea of turning Mars into a little earth

D.cares about environmental protection　　　　　　　

3.Science fiction writers will attend the international conference to be held by NASA to_______.?

A.inspire their interests

B.set more details for them to write with?

C.join in the discussion

D.collect money for Mars research programme

4.Turning Mars into a little earth_______.?

A.is no longer a topic of science fiction stories

B.is now under way?

C.is a project whose possibility is being explored

D.is against human interests

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

    Guiding students through open-ended discussions can help students develop their understanding of the nature of science.

    One useful practice in classroom discussions involves developing a discussion map. A discussion map is a graphic timeline created by the teacher on which a discussion is recorded --- who initially states the idea and who adds to or refuses the idea.

    Discussion maps let teachers gain a deep understanding of students’ level of participation, the origins of ideas, and the claims that seem meaningful, useful, and/or reasonable to students. They also give the teacher an idea of students’ science thoughts of phenomena and ideas.

    To make a discussion map, the teacher needs to do a couple of things. First, the teacher needs to keep informed of the ideas that are shared and who shared the idea. The teacher does this as the children talk, making quick notes of the ideas and thoughts. It can be helpful to record the discussion, but it isn’t required. Then, after the discussion is over, the teacher reflectively creates the discussion map to clarify the understanding of the ideas and connections that students were making in their talk.

    Educators have identified discussions as consistent with reform recommendations in that they help children learn about the nature science and are useful in combining literacy and science. It is suggested that discussions can be useful for teachers in evaluating students’ ideas and building excitement as science. Discussions offer windows on students’ thinking, provide students who struggle in reading and writing with a chance to participate more actively in class, and create situations where students can express their ideas differently than in traditional schools tasks.

    However, I suggest that there are additional reasons for having reasoned discussions in classrooms. First, discussions like this allow students to use their own vocabulary --- the words and terms that make sense to them and their classmates --- to drive the intellectual and academic work of understand phenomena. Many times learning science can become focused on learning terms but not necessarily understanding and explaining phenomena. Second, discussions allow students to think about their experiences and the things that they know and try to reconcile these with science ideas. This is challenging, but working together with classmates can help. Finally, reasoned discussions are fundamentally scientific because they offer an open forum that allows all students to be heard, and students’ ideas can be evaluated and connected to their experiences with scientific explanations of those phenomena. For example, during the children’s reasoned discussion about plants, the group came to the agreement that seeds grow into plants. The students understood that most seeds get buried in the ground, the seeds get wet, and then plants grow. This led to a question about whether the seed was still in the ground when the plant had grown into an adult plant. The students came up with several ideas about where the seeds were. During this conversation, the teacher took careful notes so that later investigations could respond to the questions that children were asking. Thus the students were working together using their ideas and understandings and realized something as a group that they didn’t understand as individuals.

In the 1960s Professor Bolin predicted that the “greenhouse effect”, caused by an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, would lead to important changes in the Earth’s climate. At the time his prediction were regarded as science fiction. But it is now gradually agreed that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double from 0.03% to 0.06% in the next 50 years and that temperatures worldwide will rise by 2°Celsius.
Although a temperature rise of 2°may not seem significant, the local effects may be much greater: in polar regions a rise of 10°by 2025 is expected and in Northern Europe a rise of 4°. Indeed the first effects were expected to be felt before the end of the 20^th century,
But how does the “greenhouse effect”operate and why should such a tiny proportion（比例）of CO₂ have such a harmful effect? When living creatures breathe out or when things are burned, CO₂ enters the atmosphere. Until recently all of this was absorbed by plants, which converted it back into oxygen.
However, the balance of nature has been disturbed. In power stations, in factories and in our cars, we are burning more and more fossil fuels( coal, oil and natural gas ) and this produces huge quantities of CO₂---18 billion tons of it enter the atmosphere every year. Added to this, the destruction of forests means that less CO₂ can be converted into oxygen by plants. So, the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere is increasing every year.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

E

There is a debate going on in America public schools over the best way to teach English to foreign students. Many schools use bilingual education. This means that students study their core subjects such as science, mathematics and social studies in their native tongues. They also take a few h ours of English.

Recently, many educators have begun to criticize bilingual education. Opponents claim that bilingual education slows not only students’ development of language skills but also their adjustment to American life. They often remain separated from the mainstream student body.

These critics have proposed the immersion method (沉浸式语言教学法). This means that students take only English classes until they can function effectively in regular subject classes. Proponents of the immersion theory argue that in order to prepare these foreign students for college or the job market, they must be able to communicate in English.

Despite this disagreement, nearly all educators agree that English is a necessary tool for improving the quality of one’s life in America.

72. In bilingual education programs, students ______.

A. study in their native countries

B. study their core subjects in their native languages

C. study only English until they can function effectively in regular subject classes

D. mainly work on adjustment to American life

73. A proponent is someone who ______.

A. supports a certain idea or policy      B. is against a certain idea or policy

C. uses the immersion method of teaching English   D. is a school administer

74. According to the article, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Nearly all educators agree that English is important for foreign students.

B. Students in bilingual education programs are often separated from American students

C. Nearly all educators agree that bilingual education is best for teaching English to foreign students.

D. Students with good English language skills have better chances for college or the job market.

75. What is the author’s opinion about the bilingual education in America?

A. He is for it strongly             B. He is against it strongly

C. He doesn’t show his own opinion  D. He is against all the educators