In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive . Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity ?There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable ,it does not actually make him work harder . As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important ,and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way .Thus while freedom of choice may be important ,there is usually very little that can be done to create it .

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making .In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product .Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one ,so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line .It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore ,but it is also one we can do something about .

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity ?The workers themselves certainly think this is important. Maybe they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting ,they will neither want more money ,nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?

       A．Increasing their pay.

       B．Giving them more spare time.

       C．Making the work itself meaningful.

       D．Replacing large production lines with small ones .

The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that       .

       A．the machinery is so badly needed that more of it should be bought

       B．there are production lines in factories

       C．the bosses can create very little freedom of choices

       D．the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules

Besides money, what may make workers work more actively?

       A．Extra free hours.            B．More comfort of life.

       C．Interesting jobs.              D．Better working conditions.

The best title for this passage may be             .

       A．Problems of Modern Workers       B．Making Jobs More Interesting

       C．Pushing Workers to Produce More        D．How to Improve Labor Productivity．

　　There is that strong conviction in life that one can learn from failure, figure out what went wrong and correct it. One has the power to change.

　　Scrutiny （反思） of defeat is critical. One has to confront his failure to avoid repeating it.

　　There are four most common reasons for failure:

　　（1） Lack of social skills. You can have academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence.

　　This is the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive to others, to give and take criticisms well.

　　People with high social intelligence admit their mistakes, take their share of blame and move on. They can get over serious mistakes.

　　Social intelligence is an acquired skill. The more one practices, the better he gets. Like good manners, it can be learned.

　　（2） Absence of commitment （许诺，保证）.If a lawyer readily admits that he really has not achieved his expectations, he finds an excuse for himself against failure by never really trying.

　　Lack of confidence is a basic cause of failure. To be committed , indeed , to be successful at anything, one has to believe he can do it. People who lack self-confidence , although they may do all the right things , often say them with a question mark in their voices.

　　One can get better at projecting a sense of self-confidence, even if he does not really feel it. Like an actor in play, one has to monitor his voice and actions to be sure he/she sounds self-confident.

　　（3） Scattered focus. Some people do so many things that they end up doing none of them well. They try to do many things that they lose focus and fail to settle priorities （优先考虑的事）. Whatever activity that strikes their fancy at a given time is the one that they would attend to. The solution to this is to refocus, sort what one does best; to recognize limitations and establish prioritiesall these are essential to success.

　　（4） Bad luck. Many times , things happen that one just cannot help. In his job , though no fault of his own , he is forced out or fired without due process.

　　What must be done? First , do not blame yourself if anything wrong happens. Second , remember that you always have choices, even if some are not obvious.

　　Smart people should not feel downhearted when they fail. The best of people experience that. What is most special is learning from failureand smart people should learn that.

1．If one has high social skill, ________.

[　　]

A．he can get high mark in the examination

B．he will never make mistakes

C．he will have a good sense of hearing

D．he can give criticism in a suitable way

2．When one is fired without due process , though no fault of his own in his job , ________.

[　　]

A．he should blame himself deeply

B．he should believe there are still opportunities in the life

C．he should condemn the boss severely in public

D．he should beg the boss mercy

3．Successful people are those ________when they make mistakes.

[　　]

A．who lose their confidence

B．who criticize others severely

C．who face them bravely and try to avoid repeating them

D．who never take responsibilities

4．Which is the moral lesson contained here?

[　　]

A．Avoid failures at all costs.

B．Failure can be a stepping stone to success.

C．Take failure lightly.

D．Failure is necessary.

5．One can get better at projecting a sense of self-confidence, even if he does not really feel it. The underlined word in this sentence most probably means ________.

[　　]

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There are facts to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery that must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker’s contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what degree does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. Maybe they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?

A．Increasing their pay.

B．Giving them more spare time.

C．Making the work itself meaningful.

D．Replacing large production lines with small ones.

The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that ___  .

A．the machine is so badly needed that more of it should be bought

B．there are e production lines in factories

C．the bosses can create very little freedom of choices

D．the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules

Besides money, what may make workers work more actively?

A. extra free hours     B. More comfort of life

C. interesting jobs      D. better working conditions

The best title for this passage may be _______.

A．Problems of Modern Workers            B．Making Jobs More Interesting

C．Pushing Workers to Produce More        D．How to Improve Labor Productivity