摘要： 某些表示状态的及物动词.如:have , own , possess , lack , want , fit , suit , become , last , cost , fail , escape , hold等.例如: Our boss possesses great wealth . This dress fits you very well . The reason escaped me . 注意:have作为“有 讲时不能用于被动语态.作为行为动词时也不用于被动语态. I have just had a letter from my sister . 2. 当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时.不能用于被动语态.例如: I cut myself when I was cutting meat . We should help each other . 3. 当宾语是身体的某一部分或器官时.不能用于被动语态.例如: He shook his head . He laid his hand on the table . 4. 当宾语是表示地点处所的名词时.不能用于被动语态.例如: She left Shanghai yesterday . We entered the room one by one . 但是.jump和reach后的地点和处所宾语可在被动语态中作主语.例如: The fence was jumped by the horse . The top of the mountain was reached at 4:00 pm . 5. 当宾语是同源宾语时.不能用于被动语态.例如: He died a heroic death . She smiled her charming smile . 常考点before 我觉得before 这个词的用法让很多学生都感到棘手.通过试题评讲.我从中收集了不少关于before的例句.在此我给同学们作个总结: 1. 之前 Tom’s father had died before he came back. 在汤姆回来之前.他父亲就已经死了. 2. 之后(才) It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers . (SEFCIIIA) 要过很多年之后.这些化学物品才开始从容器中流出来. 3. 不等--就 Someone called me up in the middle of the night , but he hung before I could answer the phone. (NMET 2000) 半夜有人给我打电话.但还没等我去接.对方就挂断了. 在以上这些意思中.我着重讲讲第2个意思: 一. 在时态上 主句的时态可以是将来时.也可以是过去时.但从句的时态.要么是一般现在时.要么是一般过去时.根据具体情况而定. It will be 2 years before we graduate from the middle school. 两年之后.我们才中学毕业. It was long before he began to do his homework. 过了很长时间.他才开始做作业. 二. 在句式上 主句不仅有肯定式.也可有否定式.肯定结构意义为:过多久才.需要多久才,否定结构意义为:不久就-- It was long before they finished their task. 过了很长时间.他们才完成任务. It wasn’t long before the people took up their arms. 不久.人民就开始拿起了武器. 三. 在用词上 在句型“-long before 中.long也可换成hours , day , weeks , some time 等. It will be hours before he arrives. 要过好几个小时他才会到. It will be 2 weeks before we meet again. 两个星期后我们还会再次见面. It will be some time before we know the full result. 还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果. 四. 在句型对比上(important) before 的这一用法与since等词用法很容易混淆.值得注意. 1. It has been 5 years B my sister returned from abroad. 2. It is 5 years ago C my sister returned from abroad. 3. It was the years 1990 D my sister returned from abroad. 4. It will be 5 years A my sister returns from abroad. A. before B. since C. that D. when 1. 我姐姐回国已有五年了.(B) 2. 我姐姐是在五年前回国的.(C) 这是一个强调句型.如果还原的话应该是: My sister returned from abroad 5 years ago. 本句就是针对5 years ago 进行强调而得来的. 3. 我姐姐于1990年回国.(D)时间状语从句 本句中“it 指时间.再如: It was 5 o’clock when he came back.(It was at 5 o’clock that he came back) 4. 要过五年我姐姐才回国.(A) 关于书面表达

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