Rush hour traffic is a problem in many big cities around the world. Commuters(上下班者)rush to and from their jobs in cars, buses, subways, trains, and even on bicycles. Large cities in the United States have two rush hours—one in the morning and one in the evening. But in cities in other parts of the world, there are four rush hours. In Athens and Rome, for example, many workers go home for lunch and a nap. After this midday break, they rush back to their jobs and work for a few more hours.

In Tokyo, there's a big rush hour underground. Most of the people in Tokyo take the subways. The trains are very crowded. Subway employees called packers wear white gloves and help pack the commuters into the trains when the doors close. They make sure that all purses, briefcases, clothes, and hands are inside the trains.

In Seoul, many commuters prefer to take taxis to get to work.. To hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers. This means they'll pay the cab driver double the usual fare. Some people even raise three fingers! They'll pay three times the normal rate。

Streets in Rome are very crowded with automobiles and mopeds(摩托自行车)during rush hours. The city can't make its streets wider, and it can't build new highways, because it doesn't want to disturb the many historic sites in the city, such as the Forum and the Coliseum. It took the city fifteen years to construct a new subway system. Construction had to stop every time workers found old artifacts and discovered places of interest to archaeologists(考古学家).

In many big cities, there are special lanes on highways for carpools. These are groups of three or more people who drive to and from work together. They share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into the city.

Getting to work and getting home can be difficult in many places around the world. Rush hour traffic seems to be a universal problem.

1.Big cities have traffic problems during rush hours because there are _______

2.Most of the commuters in Tokyo _______

3.To “hail a cab” means to _______

4.Commuters in carpools probably_______

BEIJING changed the office hours of many institutions starting April 12 in the hope of reducing traffic jams during rush hour.
The new policy asked 800,000 employees to replace their former working schedule of 8:30 am to 5:30 pm with the new working hours of 9 am to 6 pm.
This is just one part of the Beijing municipal government’s plan to fight traffic jams. Starting April 1, daytime parking fees in 13 downtown areas were raised to encourage less driving. On April 2, the government announced limitations launched after the Beijing Olympics would be extended until April 2012. These ban Beijing’s 5.8 million drivers from driving one workday each week. The ban is based on the last number of the car license plate.
A multi-billion yuan fund has also been set up to build more underground ring roads in heavily populated areas. Major roads above ground will also be expanded.
According to Beijing’s traffic authorities, key projects include repairing major ring roads and expanding the subway network. The city will also create more taxi stops and bike rental stations, probably under the hundreds of overpasses (天桥) citywide.
Beijing’s fight against traffic jams is a smaller example of what is happening all around China. The central government is now supporting new ideas that will change the future of Chinese roads.
Bus rapid transit (BRT,快速公交系统) is one such idea. Special bus lanes carry almost as many passengers as a subway system. They cost less and are becoming popular in many big cities. Now Beijing has five BRT lines
Shanghai is dealing with traffic problems by charging higher fees for license plates（牌照）. The city is also controlling the total number of plates sold. Now, it is considering a plan to charge cars for entering the central business district, as London does.
Meanwhile, there are signs that Chinese are more aware of the serious problem of traffic. For example, there has been a sharp increase in the number of posts looking for carpooling (拼车) partners on major websites.
By the end of March, 2010, China had 192 million cars, according to the Ministry of Public Security.
【小题1】 The article is mainly about___________.

书面表达（满分25分） 
目前,各大城市正在治理街头的小商小贩,并因此引发了一些暴力事件.这一现象引起了网友的热烈讨论.请根据下面的内容,用英文介绍一下讨论的情况,并发表你的看法.
支持街头小商小贩存在: 1. 每个人都有谋生的权利
2. 给人们的生活提供了方便
反对街头小商小贩存在: 1. 占用道路,造成交通阻塞
2. 有些食品不干净,食用不安全
3. 有损市容
你的观点: ….
注意:  1. 对所给要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译.
2. 词数: 100 左右 . 开头已经写好,不记入总词数.
3. 参考词汇: street vendor 街头小贩  
Street vendors are forbidden in many big cities, which has caused a lot of violence.

BEIJING changed the office hours of many institutions starting April 12 in the hope of reducing traffic jams during rush hour.

    The new policy asked 800,000 employees to replace their former working schedule of 8:30 am to 5:30 pm with the new working hours of 9 am to 6 pm.

    This is just one part of the Beijing municipal government’s plan to fight traffic jams. Starting April 1, daytime parking fees in 13 downtown areas were raised to encourage less driving. On April 2, the government announced limitations launched after the Beijing Olympics would be extended until April 2012. These ban Beijing’s 5.8 million drivers from driving one workday each week. The ban is based on the last number of the car license plate.

    A multi-billion yuan fund has also been set up to build more underground ring roads in heavily populated areas. Major roads above ground will also be expanded.

    According to Beijing’s traffic authorities, key projects include repairing major ring roads and expanding the subway network. The city will also create more taxi stops and bike rental stations, probably under the hundreds of overpasses (天桥) citywide.

    Beijing’s fight against traffic jams is a smaller example of what is happening all around China. The central government is now supporting new ideas that will change the future of Chinese roads.

    Bus rapid transit (BRT,快速公交系统) is one such idea. Special bus lanes carry almost as many passengers as a subway system. They cost less and are becoming popular in many big cities. Now Beijing has five BRT lines

    Shanghai is dealing with traffic problems by charging higher fees for license plates（牌照）. The city is also controlling the total number of plates sold. Now, it is considering a plan to charge cars for entering the central business district, as London does.

    Meanwhile, there are signs that Chinese are more aware of the serious problem of traffic. For example, there has been a sharp increase in the number of posts looking for carpooling (拼车) partners on major websites.

    By the end of March, 2010, China had 192 million cars, according to the Ministry of Public Security.

The article is mainly about___________.

A. the fight against traffic jams all around the world

B. the increase of daytime parking fees in 13 downtown areas in Beijing

C. the Beijing municipal government’s measures to reduce traffic jams

D. news ideas that are likely to change the future of Chinese roads

According to the new policy, workday office hours in Beijing will be___________.

A. from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm           B. from 9 am to 6 pm

C. from 8:30 am to 5:30 pm           D. from 7:30 am to 4: 30 pm

The plans made by the Beijing municipal government to fight traffic jams include all the following except ____________

A. adjustments to office hours         B. increases in daytime parking fees

C. the extension of the limitations launched after the Beijing Olympics

D. charging higher fees for license plates

The article tells us that____________.

A. the BRT system will become common China’s rural areas

B. the Chinese government is aiming at changing the future of Chinese roads

C. the Shanghai government has charged cars for entering the central business district

D. here are enough ways to deal with traffic jams in Beijing

书面表达（满分25分） 

目前,各大城市正在治理街头的小商小贩,并因此引发了一些暴力事件.这一现象引起了网友的热烈讨论.请根据下面的内容,用英文介绍一下讨论的情况,并发表你的看法.

支持街头小商小贩存在: 1. 每个人都有谋生的权利

2. 给人们的生活提供了方便

反对街头小商小贩存在: 1. 占用道路,造成交通阻塞

2. 有些食品不干净,食用不安全

3. 有损市容

你的观点: ….

注意:  1. 对所给要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译.

2. 词数: 100 左右 . 开头已经写好,不记入总词数.

3. 参考词汇: street vendor  街头小贩  

Street vendors are forbidden in many big cities, which has caused a lot of violence.