Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
【小题1】What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.

A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.

Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.

Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

1.What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

2. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

3. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

4. The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.

A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.

Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.

Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

A. The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.

B. It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.

C. Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.

D. The incision is often infected after the operation.

Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

A. It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.

B. The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.

C. The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.

D. An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.

The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

A. requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient

B. reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure

C. allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively

D. eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients

The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

A. the challenges brought about by new technology

B. the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System

C. the reflections on the development in medical science

D. the application of new technologies in modern surgery

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

1. 1.

   What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

   1. A.
      The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.
   2. B.
      It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.
   3. C.
      Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.
   4. D.
      The incision is often infected after the operation.
2. 2.

   Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

   1. A.
      It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.
   2. B.
      The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.
   3. C.
      The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.
   4. D.
      An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.
3. 3.

   The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

   1. A.
      requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient
   2. B.
      reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure
   3. C.
      allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively
   4. D.
      eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients
4. 4.

   The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

   1. A.
      the challenges brought about by new technology
   2. B.
      the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System
   3. C.
      the reflections on the development in medical science
   4. D.
      the application of new technologies in modern surgery

首先请阅读下列6出电影的简要介绍，并按照要求匹配信息。

A．It is about the legend of vampire, the story of the wolf man, the campus life, moved love story, horror, adventure and other elements. The story begins with the main character, Isabella (Bella) Swan, moving from Phoenix, to the small town of Forks, a dreary and rain-filled place, to live with her father. She develops a relationship with fellow student, Edward Cullen, who initially annoys her, but despite a rough beginning, they fall in love. After witnessing some strange behavior from Edward, Bella eventually discovers that he is a vampire, but despite the very real risk to her life, she cannot bear to be apart from him. Eventually Bella is introduced to Edward’s vampire family, not all of who welcome her with open arms, however, it is Edward’s family that go to great lengths to save Bella when her life is threatened.

B. With an absent father and a withdrawn and depressed mother, 17 year-old Ree Dolly keeps her family together in a dirt poor rural area. She's taken backwards however when the local Sheriff（县治安官） tells her that her father put up their house for his bail（保释）and unless he shows up for his trial in a week's time, they will lose it all. She knows her father is involved in the local drug trade and manufactures crystal meth but anywhere she goes the message is the same: stay out of it and stop poking your nose in other people's business. She refuses to listen, even after her father's brother, Teardrop, tells her he's probably been killed. She pushes on, putting her own life in danger, for the sake of her family until the truth, or enough of it, is revealed.

C. Dom Cobb is a skilled thief, the absolute best in the dangerous art of extraction, stealing valuable secrets from deep within the subconscious during the dream state, when the mind is at its most vulnerable. Cobb's rare ability has made him a coveted（妄想的） player in this deceitful new world of corporate espionage, but it has also made him an international fugitive. Now Cobb is being offered a chance at redemption（赎）. One last job could give him his life back but only if he can accomplish the impossible-inception. Instead of the perfect heist, Cobb and his team of specialists have to pull off the reverse: their task is not to steal an idea but to plant one. But no amount of careful planning or expertise can prepare the team for the dangerous enemy that seems to predict their every move...

D. Reflecting on her earlier life, she observes that for most of it she was either with a man or in the process of leaving one, and so in the first stages of her journey she experiments with singleness. Not with solitude, exactly, since Liz is naturally sociable and acquires friends easily. Back home in New York she has Delia, and in Rome a Swedish woman named Sofi introduces her to an amicable（心平气和）group of Italians, including a fellow whose last name is Spaghetti. While he is seen mainly in group shots, his namesake food is filmed in loving close-ups. In keeping with the theme of self-examination, Liz’s trip is confined to countries that begin with the letter “I”. From the ruins of Italy, to an ashram in India, and then to Indonesia......

E. John Crowley is a worried businessman and father of two children stricken with Pompe disease, suffering of muscle deterioration（恶化）with an age expectancy of nine years. With critical birthdays looming on the horizon, Crowley decides to take a chance and pursue research scientist Robert Stonehill, a rebellious thinker in the field of Pompe with radical ideas on enzyme therapy. Promising money he doesn't necessarily have, Crowley talks Stonehill into a business venture, pushing the irascible（暴躁的） scientist into research while he worries about the cash flow. With the clock ticking, Stonehill presents challenging theories, irritating the interest of pharmaceutical giants, who demand results practically overnight. With Stonehill feeling the heat during this demoralizing process, Crowley fights to maintain the face of Pompe, to keep the cure from becoming just another compromised drug on the market.

F. Bob Ho, a Chinese spy who was loaned to the CIA and is now retiring so he can settle down and marry his girlfriend, Gillian, who lives next door and doesn't know he's a spy. She thinks he's a pen importer. Around her, Bob acts like a boring country man, wears eyeglasses, and hides his super-spy abilities. Gillian loves that he's normal and reliable, not like her ex-husband, who ran off and left her with three kids. So Gillian has to go out of town because her father's in the hospital, and Bob volunteers to babysit so he can bond with the children. Meanwhile, a Russian terrorist named Poldark has escaped CIA custody and is looking for a top-secret code that young Ian accidentally downloaded from Bob's computer, which means Poldark and his goons are going to show up any minute now and kill them all. Bob must save the children -- and the world!

以下是电影中的部分对白，请匹配适合他们的电影。

A. Yeah. I'm in love. I'm having a relationship with my pizza. You look like you're breaking up

with the    pizza. What's the matter?

    B: I can't.

    A: What do you mean, you can't? This is pizza in Napoli. It is your moral imperative to eat that pizza.

    B: I want to, but I've gained, like, 10 pounds. I mean, I've got this.... Right here. What's it called? What's the word?

    A: A muffin top. I have one too.

   A: C came by looking for Dad. If he don't show up for his court date, we're gonna lose the house. I gotta     get down to the Arkansas line.

    B: I gotta ask him. It's his truck. He said no.

    A: Did you tell him I'd spring for gas?

    B: I told him. He still won't.

    A: Why not?

A: Dream within a dream, huh. I'm impressed. But in my dream, you play by my rules.

    B: Yes, but you see Mr. A...

    C: We're not in your dream.

    B: We're in mine.

   A: Can we go back to business?

    B: Would it help to mention I'm retired?

    A: Retired men don't download secrets.

    B: I never downloaded anything.

    C: He's lying.

    B: Who are you going to believe? Me or the traitor?

    D: Someone has been a very naughty boy. He's got cameras and microphones mounted all over the     place.

    D: Good plan, filming us together.

    B: How could you turn against your country?

   A: You're B, the new girl. Hi, I'm A, the eyes and ears of this place. Anything you need, tour guide, lunch date, shoulder to cry on?

    B: I'm really kind of the more suffer-in-silence type.

    A: Good headline for your feature. I'm on the paper, and you're news, baby, front page.

    B: No, I'm not. You...Please don't have any sort of...

    A: Chillax. No feature.

    B: Okay, thanks.