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There seems never to have been a civilization(文明) without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys play with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. It is the universality of toys about their development in all parts of the world and their continuing to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to (服从于) technological progress that characterizes inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of advancement. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of materials then ready for use. (words: 285 ; time : 5ms)
1. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________ .
A. their social roles are strictly determined
B. most boys would like to follow their fathers' jobs
C. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D. they like challenging activities.
2. "The universality of toys" lies in the fact that ________ .
A. technological advances have greatly improved the making of toys
B. the improvement of techniques in making toys depends on the efforts of universities
C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys
D. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world
3. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________.
A. follow a direct line of development
B. also greatly interest adults
C. are not characterized by progress in technology
D. show the pace of social progress
（C）篇
1. A。由原文第二段第二句可知。
2. D。根据文章第三段第一句和第三句可知,玩具的基本的特征变化不大。
3. C。由文章最后一段第一句可知,玩具作为一种艺术形式,不因科技变化而变化。
查看习题详情和答案>>
听力
第一节 听力理解(5段共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项。
听第一段对话，回答第1～3题。
1．What is lack worried about when he starts college?
A．His former classmates will graduate this year．
B．His time off will put him at a disadvantage．
C．He will have to practice a lot．
2．After how many years did Susan return to college?
A．Three years．
B．Two years．
C．One year．
3．What advice does Susan give Jack about his study?
A．Don't expect to catch on quickly．
B．Don't take the English major．
C．Don't take too many courses．
听第二段对话，回答第4～6题。
4．What does the man think of Chinatown in San Francisco 7
A．It’s larger than his own town．
B．It’s like any other town．
C．It’s the best in the U．S．
5．Why does the Chinese New Year change every year?
A．It’s based on the different calendars．
B．It’s in the extra month．
C．It’s set as a holiday．
6．In what year was the man born?
A．Year of the Rooster．
B．Year of the Pig．
C．Year of the Ox．
听第三段独白，回答第7～9题。
7．Why is the marathon at the 1968 Olympics a truly historic event?
A．Because three runners tried very hard to win the marathon．
B．Because Bikila won his third victory in the marathon．
C．Because the last 13.1 Brier won the Olympic marathon．
8．What did Wolde do when he saw Bikila drop out?
A．He stopped to assist Bikila．
B．He filled Bikila’s shoes．
C．He ran even faster．
9．Why did the crowd cheer when the last runner crossed the finish line?
A．They were surprised to see his wounded leg．
B．They were greatly moved by his spirit．
C．They thought he was the winner．
听第四段对话，回答第10～12题
10．Where did the man meet Claudia?
A．At a class discussion．
B．At a music store．
C．On the Internet．
11．What is the relation between the man and Claudia?
A．Boy friend and girl friend．
B．Close friends．
C．Web friends．
12．What does the woman suggest about greeting Claudia'?
A．Bringing her some flowers．
B．Using her family name．
C．Arriving on time．
听第五段独白，回答第13～15题。
13．How do rainforests manage to survive?
A．By storing large quantities of carbon dioxide．
B．By developing ways to protect themselves．
C．By producing a large amount of oxygen．
14．Why d0 the leaves of a tree never actually touch those of others?
A．Because it’s a way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases．
B．Because it makes it difficult for insects to eat leaves．
C．Because animals can j ump between them．
15．How much rain can rainforests produce in some areas in a year?
A．About 75％of their own rain．
B．As much as 430 inches．
C．At least 80 inches．
第二节 听取信息(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面一段对话，请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填人空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。你将有60秒钟的作答时间。
听力(共20题，每小题1分，满分20分)
第一节 听力理解(共15小题)
听第一段对话，回答第1、2题。
1．Where is the conversation taking place?
A．In a park．
B．In a restaurant．
C．At home．
2．What can we learn about the man?
A．He has had too many meat balls．
B．He prefers fruits to ice-cream．
C．He prefers meat balls to ice-cream．
听第二段对话，回答第3～5题。
3．Why does the woman call the man?
A．Because she wants to invite him for dinner．
B．Because she has not seen him these days．
C．Because the man has asked her to call him．
4．What time will they meet?
A．At 9∶00 p. m．
B．At 8∶00 p. m．
C．At 7∶00 p. m．
5．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Friends．
B．A couple．
C．Boss and clerk．
听第三段对话，回答第6～8题。
6．What’s the weather like today?
A．Nice and bright．
B．Sunny and windy．
C．Warm but cloudy．
7．What’s the weather like in winter in the woman’s hometown?
A．Warmer than here．
B．Colder than here．
C．More rain than here．
8．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman has never seen a hurricane．
B．They will check the weather report online．
C．It doesn’t snow frequently here in winter．
听第四段对话，回答第9～12题。
9．For what reason do Chinese people often drink hot tea in summer?
A．Balancing our body system．
B．Relieving the thirst．
C．Improving the health．
10．When did the tea become popular in China?
A．From the 2nd century．
B．From the 5th century．
C．From the 4th century．
11．Where does the man probably come from?
A．America．
B．Britain．
C．Canada．
12．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman knows a lot about Chinese tea．
B．Few people like Chinese tea in Britain．
C．All kinds of Chinese tea can help you lose weight．
听第五段对话，回答第13～15题。
13．What is the talk mainly about?
A．Advantages of online English learning．
B．Advantages of Internet teaching．
C．English resources on Internet．
14．How can you make a friend in foreign countries by Internet?
A．By emails．
B．By visual means．
C．By MSN．
15．How long does a Chinese Internet user spend on Internet each week on average?
A．17 hours．
B．18 hours．
C．19 hours．
第二节 听取信息(共5小题)
阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。
梵 高
张 炜
我们终于谈到梵高了，神圣的梵高。在当代，他已经是不同艺术领域中的崇拜人物。他的作品在商人那儿已经化为金子，或者是远比金子还要昂贵十倍的珍奇。但是像他那样的心灵不仅用金钱无法沟通，就是用一般的艺术和精神也无法接近。他会在任何时候任何地点，拒绝那些流行的艺术热望者、大知音和中产阶级的高雅情调。因为他只是最平凡的人群中的一个灵魂，一个底层的感受者和传达者，一个不屈服者和抗争者，一个实践善良和使用决心的人。他是贫民的儿子，是他们痛苦而尖锐的眼睛。在这样的一双眼睛面前，我们往往只有在无可奈何的沉默中压住自己心底的惊叹才行。他的境界是高不可攀的，因为那是底层艺术家所守护的最后一道防线，也是权利。这其实也是人的防线与权利。梵高可以让我们明白，当一个人面对无情的外部世界时，顽强的精神会怎样迸溅出火花，直至燃烧为熊熊烈焰。
我走在慕尼黑、曼哈顿、巴黎等最著名的艺术博物馆里，在星光灿烂之中，在无法穷尽的艺术、不同时代不同流派的大荟萃面前，常常有一种无可逃匿的眩晕感。在跨越时空而来的多角度多层次、频繁急促和陡然有力的各种撞击之下，那根本来敏感的神经已经麻木疲萎。可是，几乎是无一例外，只要一走近梵高，一走近他的展出单元，立刻就会感到一片辉煌之光扑面而来。就这样，最昂扬的音乐陡然奏响。世界马上改变了，双眼睁大了，一切又重新开始了。
这是怎样神秘的力量，这力量又从何而来？
当然，一切只能源于他的这个生命。他的生命仍然在持续不断地发散----首先是从源头，从他执笔之时，从那一刻的怦怦心跳开始震动我们，使我们至今不能安宁。他眼中的一切原来与我们有巨大区别，就是这区别让我们双眼大睁、心上一凛。这区别当然是来自他的目光，它有强大的剥落和穿凿的力量：世界上的所有事物都被我们的眼睛蒙上了一层庸常的布幔，但这布幔在梵高那儿马上被刺破，或被抽揭一空。世界裸露了，本真显现了，所以他让我们看到的就是强烈的光，是逼人的颜色，是疾旋与燃烧，是轰响和炸裂，是呼叫和奔突......我们每个人本来都拥有这种直视的能力，不幸的是后来的生活给予我们每个人无尽的磨损，我们丧失了这种能力，而只有神奇的梵高保留了。
梵高做过教师、画店营业员、传教士、书店店员、画家。这些职业是那么不同，可是在梵高那儿并没有人们想像的那么大的差异。因为他以同样的心情去做，同样用力，同样真实。他赋予任何工作的，都仅仅是一份生命的虔诚。也正是由于这种对于工作的非同常人的理解，他差不多把每一样工作都给做“砸了”。最后是作画----他现在被公认为最伟大的画家之一，可是当时却被看成是最不成功的画家，几乎没有卖出过一幅作品。他没有一般专业人士看好的技法，简直没有受到什么正规的、更不要说是深入独到的专业训练了。他的画被看成可笑的涂抹，形式上一塌糊涂。那些直接而强悍的笔触、生猛可怖的画面，能够毫不费力地逼退那些艺术沙龙的宠儿。其实比起梵高而言，许多人等于生活在温室中，他们没有经历真实的风雨阳光，当然也没有接受过催逼，没有倾听过号叫，没有接受过起码的人生打击。他们怎么具有理解梵高的能力呢？
真实的生活，底层的生活，有时候、许多时候都是刺目的。但是在漫长的人生旅途中，生活的真实面目还是要显现----最后总是要显现。这是一个顽强的规律。每到这个时刻，人们也就开始理解了梵高，只不过稍微晚了些。
梵高的艺术，像许多真正的艺术一样，是直到最后才被接受下来的。
他保留下了大量书信。人们阅读这些书信时，才知道他是多么热情、对生活多么挚爱的人。人们读得泪眼汪汪。其实他的画作已经再好不过地表达了这种热烈。他的巨大的慈爱并不需要直接说出，他的柔情也并不需要，因为他全部都画出来了。他正是为这种爱，而不是为这种艺术，交出了自己全部的生命。
——《远逝的风景》
文章指出梵高的“心灵不仅用金钱无法沟通，就是用一般的艺术和精神也无法接近”，为什么？尽量用文中的语言作答，不超过14个字。
文章第三自然段：“这是怎样神秘的力量”中“这”所指代的具体内容是什么？
画线的句子问：“这力量又从何而来？”文中除从总的方面回答：“源于他的这个生命”以外，还说了两个具体的答案，请用自己的话予以归纳。
下列对文章的理解有误的两项是：（ ）
A．梵高的作品现在已经成为商人们以高价竞相购买的收藏品，而且成了商人们心中的无价之宝。
B．梵高让我们明白了顽强的精神可以使人在面对无情的外部世界时迸溅出火花，以至成为熊熊燃烧的烈焰
C．由于在慕尼黑等地的最著名的艺术博物馆里，艺术家众多，不同时代的艺术流派纷至沓来，使人常常有一种无可逃匿的眩晕感，故尔使作者对他们的作品产生了反感。
D．梵高现在已被公认为最伟大的画家之一，但在梵高的一生中做过教师、画店营业员、传教士、书店店员、画家，均未达到成功的目的，虽然他如同做画那样以同样的心情去做，同样用力，同样真实。
E．梵高的画以逼人的颜色，强烈的光，强悍的笔触，生猛可怖的画面，裸露、显现了世界的真实面目，逼退了当时艺术沙龙中的宠儿，因而遭到当时人们的否定。
查看习题详情和答案>>听力
第一节 听力理解
每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及相关小题，在5秒钟内从题目中所给的A、B、C、项中，选出最佳选项。
听第一段对话，回答第1－3题。
1．What does the woman think of the subway?
A．It's convenient, cheap and safe．
B．It's cheap and safe but not convenient．
C．It's convenient and safe but not cheap．
2．Which is not the man's opinion about the subway?
A．It's cheap．
B．It's convenient．
C．It's too crowded．
3．What does the man prefer to take?
A．The subway．
B．The train．
C．A taxi．
听第二段对话，回答第4－6题。
4．What season is it now?
A．Spring．
B．Summer．
C．Winter．
5．Why should the man have bought an air-conditioner earlier?
A．The price is going up now．
B．It's hard to buy one now．
C．It's not hot any more．
6．What has the press been talking about?
A．El Nino．
B．Air-conditioners．
C．The temperature．
听第三段对话，回答第7－9题。
7．What are the two speakers most likely to be?
A．School teachers．
B．Play writers．
C．Pop singers．
8．What are the two speakers selecting a person to do?
A．Learn art．
B．Perform a part．
C．Organize an activity．
9．Who is the fittest for the job?
A．Nelly．
B．Sophia．
C．Rebecca．
听第四段对话，回答第10－12题。
10．What is wrong with the woman?
A．Her handbag is missing．
B．She lost some money．
C．She had a traffic accident．
11．Where did the woman go first that day according to the conversation?
A．To the police station．
B．To a restaurant．
C．To her friend's office．
12．What did the man suggest the woman do at once?
A．Go to the restaurant．
B．Go back to her car again．
C．Ring the manager．
听第五段独白，回答第13－15题。
13．What about the temperatures on the moon?
A．They are always very low．
B．They can be very different．
C．They are usually very high．
14．Why is the moon a silent world?
A．Because there are only animals there．
B．Because there is no air there．
C．Because there are no green trees there．
15．How does the earth look like seen from the moon?
A．It looks brighter than other stars．
B．It looks like a ball, colored red and blue．
C．It looks unfriendly．
第二节 听取信息
听下面一段对话。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入标号为16至20的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间。录音读两遍。你有60秒钟的作答时间。
