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Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.
“A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead，” scientists have found.
“We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation(加强)，” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down，” Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes(水平线)．
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch－up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so－called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don't sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
2. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that________.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. Professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories worse
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep may can improve the condition of memories
3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups.
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights.
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights.
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights.
4. What was the study result of the scientists' at the Medical University at Lubeck?
A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory.
B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period.
C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall.
5. The BEST title of this passage is “________”．
A. Sleep Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made by Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research
查看习题详情和答案>>“It was all his own idea,” says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had ___36___ made a “motherhood contract(合同)”—declaring that for 70 days this summer he would ___37___ the care of their four children and all the housework. ___38___ he didn’t even know how to make coffee when he sighed, he was very confident.
After40 of the 70 days, he was ready to ___39___. “ I was beaten down, “ admits Bob. “Not only is motherhood a ___40___ task, it is an impossible job for any normal human being. ”
Bob and Pat were married in 1991. After the married, Pat ___41___ a secretary to help put him through university. ___42___ Bob has been the football coach while Pat raised the kids. ___43___ two years ago Pat went back to work. “ I had been ___44___ children so much,” she ___45___, “I couldn’t talk to a grown-up. ” She continued to run the household, ___46___ -- until Bob sighed the contract.
Bob tried hard to learn cooking, but the meals he prepared were ___47___. For the last three weeks, the family ___48___ a lot--- sometimes having MacDonald’s hamburgers for lunch and dinner.
___49___ housekeeping, a home economics teacher had told Bob that a room always looks clean ___50___ the bed is made. “ I found ___51___ –I shut the doors,” he says. Soon the kids were wearing their shirts inside out. “When we went to ___52___ Pat at work, I made them wear their shirts 53 side out so they would look clean. ”
Now that Bob has publicly ___54___ he was wrong, he is ___55___ the child-raising and household tasks with Pat.
36. A. only B. just C. nearly D. ever
37. A. stick to B. set about C. think about D. takeover
38. A. If B. As C. Since D. Although
39. A. carry on B. give up C. break down D. find out
40. A. strange B. pleasant C. difficult D. serious
41. A. sent B. employed C. learned from D. worked as
42. A. In time B. Before long C. Since then D. Later on
43. A. Then B. Thus C. So D. Still
44. A. near B. after C. about D. around
45. A. insists B. sighs C. jokes D. apologizes
46. A. besides B. therefore C. however D. otherwise
47. A. terrible B. tasty C. expensive D. special
48. A. starved B. traveled C. worked out D. ate out
49. A. Due to B. As for C. Along with D. Except for
50. A. until B. before C. if D. unless
51. A. an easier way B. a cheaper way C. a cleaner way D. a harder way
52. A. receive B. welcome C. greet D. fetch
53. A. good B. wrong C. right D. opposite
54. A. admitted B. suggested C. agreed D. explained
55. A. operating B. realizing C. sharing D. performing
查看习题详情和答案>>Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with __1__，an gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often __2__ trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day __3__.
Those fun trips had a(n) __4__ impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, __5__ working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys __6__. He sensed trouble between them. __7__ one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug.“I __8__ you. You took me __9__ when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the __10__ days of my life.”
Deeply touched by the boy's word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __11__ teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __12__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __13__ on the kids，” says Moody.
By turning kids on to fishing, he __14__ to present an alternative way of life, “When you're sitting there waiting for a __15__，”he says, “you can't help but talk to each other, and such __16__ can be pretty deep.”
“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人)pressures in high school，” says Michelle,17, who __17__ the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother __18__ drugs.”
Moody faces __19__in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full－time.“I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my __20__ to give back，” Moody says.“If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”
1. A. drinking B. drug C. security D. smoking
2. A. ran into B. got over C. left behind D. looked into
3. A．ahead B. away C. off D. out
4. A．immediate B. damaging C. limited D. lasting
5. A．once B. while C. since D. until
6. A．quarreling B. complaining
C. talking D. cheering
7. A．Slowly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Secretly
8. A．understand B. hear C. see D. remember
9. A．fishing B. sailing C. boating D. swimming
10. A．quietest B. longest C. best D. busiest
11. A．connects B. introduces C. reduces D. commits
12. A．where B. unless C. as D. whether
13. A．impression B. burden C. decision D. impact
14. A．asked B. intended C. pretended D. agreed
15. A．solution B. change C. bite D. surprise
16. A. concerns B. interests
C. conversations D. emotions
17. A. participated in B. worked out
C. approved of D. made up
18. A. misuse B. avoid C. tolerate D. test
19. A. unemployment B. challenge
C. competition D. retirement
20. A. team B. school C. family D. community
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