Shopping in the United States changes a lot．About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores that were owned by one person or a family．Women went from the bakery to the butcher’s to the grocer and on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week．Then, about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born．In a supermarket, people could get all the different kinds of food they needed without going to different stores．

    The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall．A shopping mall is a group of stores under one roof．Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon became very popular．The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping．If you walk through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee．Malls are places for teenagers to hang out．Many teens will often just “go to the mall” and spend time with their friends．

    The recent change in American shopping was the superstore．Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office Depot and Toys“R”Us have been built all across the United States．Because they are so large, they can buy goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores．Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close．They just cannot compete with their giant neighbors．

    And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States．People are too busy to go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet．Online shopping has lots of advantages．For instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day．Searching or browsing online shops can be faster than browsing the physical stores．While, online shopping also has its disadvantages．People are at higher risk of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store．And privacy of personal information may be let out．

1.Which of the following shows the right order of shopping development in the United States?

    ①small stores          ②superstores    ③shopping malls

    ④shopping online      ⑤supermarkets

    A．①②③④⑤                       B． ①⑤②③④   

   C．②③④①⑤                       D． ①⑤③②④

2.Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?

    A． Small stores．                  B． Shopping malls．

    C． Supermarkets．                  D． Superstores．

3.Why can the superstores sell products at much lower prices?

    A． Because they can buy goods at a reduction in price．

    B． Because they are across the United States．

    C． Because they sell all kinds of products people need．

    D． Because they are built near small towns．

4.What’s the disadvantage of online shopping according to the passage?

A． Wasting time．   

B． Fixed prices．

C． Leaking personal information．

D． No chance to do physical activities．

I ________ her ________ her sister because they are so alike.

1. A.
   made, confused
2. B.
   confused, by
3. C.
   confused, to
4. D.
   confused, with

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.  
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .  
Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentalese”）, and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our  thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry （织锦），writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.  
When people write as if some strict critics （批评家） are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.  
【小题1】What do we learn from the text about those famous writers? 

Shopping in the United States changes a lot. About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores that were owned by one person or a family. Women went from the bakery to the butcher’s to the grocer and on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week. Then, about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born. In a supermarket, people could get all the different kinds of food they needed without going to different stores.

The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall. A shopping mall is a group of stores under one roof. Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon became very popular. The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping. If you walk through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee. Malls are places for teenagers to hang out. Many teens will often just “go to the mall” and spend time with their friends.

The recent change in American shopping was the superstore. Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office Depot and Toys“R”Us have been built all across the United States. Because they are so large, they can buy goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores. Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close. They just cannot compete with their giant neighbors.

And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States. People are too busy to go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet. Online shopping has lots of advantages. For instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day. Searching or browsing online shops can be faster than browsing the physical stores. While, online shopping also has its disadvantages. People are at higher risk of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store. And privacy of personal information may be let out.

1.Which of the following shows the right order of shopping development in the United States?

①small stores  ②superstores  ③shopping malls  ④shopping online   ⑤supermarkets

A. ①②③④⑤               B. ①⑤②③④             C. ②③④①⑤                D. ①⑤③②④

2.Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?

A. Small stores.              B. Shopping malls.       C. Supermarkets.           D. Superstores.

3.Why can the superstores sell products at much lower prices?

A. Because they can buy goods at a reduction in price.

B. Because they are across the United States.

C. Because they sell all kinds of products people need.

D. Because they are built near small towns.

4.What’s the disadvantage of online shopping according to the passage?

A. Wasting time.                                                    B. Fixed prices.

C. Leaking personal information.                       D. No chance to do physical activities.

In this fast-shifting world,there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job.But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.You need to be a career activist.?

    If you lose your main source of income tomorrow,could you find a different source to replace it?The most important thing in

protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices.Don’t let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development,or fear of change.Some people have been good performers in their own organizations but discovered that they are stuck.Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry,their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs.?

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector, you limit your opportunity,too.In a global market place,many jobs come and go quickly with changes in the stock market.Today’s hottest job may not exist tomorrow.If you love computers, then this work represents a great choice.But don’t enter a field just because you think that’s where the hot jobs are;even if the job is available,it may not match well with your own skills and abilities.Start with an entry of your own strengths and interests,and then see where you may match up best in the job market.?

How can we ensure that we have choices if we lose the main source of income??

    A. Be a good performer in our own  organizations.?

    B.Try to develop our skills and be a career activist.?

    C.Enter a field where the hot jobs are.?

    D.Transfer to other jobs that use computers.

Some people are afraid of change because

    A.they have got a hot job?

    B.they have no other better choices?

    C.they have got used to a certain job?

    D.they have no other skills and interests?

    “Put all your eggs in one basket” here means

   A.sticking to only one particular job?

    B.trying your best to do something well?

    C.many jobs come and go quickly?

    D.entering a field where the hot jobs are?

What is the best job for you to choose  according to the writer?

A. Something that is both hot and interesting.?

B.Something that brings you a good source of income.?

    C.Something that will always exist in the future.?

    D.Something involving your strengths and interests. ?