摘要:可数名词单.复数变化形式 (1)规则变化. ①单数名词词尾直接加-s.如:boy - boys, pen - pens. ②以s.x .ch .sh结尾的单词一般加-es.如:glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes. 特例:stomach - stomaches. ③以“辅音字母 + y 结尾的变“y 为“i 再加“-es .如: baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies. ④以“o 结尾的多数加-es.如:tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes.但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s. 如:radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos. ⑤以“f 或“fe 结尾的名词复数形式变“f 或“fe 为“v .之后再加-es.如:wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs. ⑥改变元音字母的.如:man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen.特例:child - children. ⑦复合名词的复数形式.(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s.如:armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book- stores.(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时.前后两个名词都要变成复数.如:man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri- vers.(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s.如:brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by. ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式.如:zero - zeros .zeroes, deer - deers .deer.penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同.如:pence.pennies. (2)不规则变化. ①单.复数同形.如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works,cattle. ②合成名词的复数.如:boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens.grown-up - grown-ups. ③有些名词通常只用作复数.如:glasses眼镜.clothes衣服.goods 货物.trousers裤子.belongings所有物,wages工资.riches财富, surroundings环境.ashes灰尘, campasses圆规.cattle家畜.congratulations祝贺.have words with sb. 同某人吵架.in high spirits以很高热情地.give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯.in rags衣衫破烂.It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事. ④集体名词的数.有些集体名词通常只用作复数.如:people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数.如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数.单数看做整体.复数看做集体的各个成员.如:The crew is large.船员人数很多,The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了.

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