When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？

Why Difficult？

When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly？

Why Now？

The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.

Why Bother？

Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.

Why Refuse？

Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.

―→·Public apology is much more than a(an)   　72　    act.

·It’s no    　73　   job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.

·Apologies not    　74　    offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.

―→     ·In an    　76　， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.

·The    　77　  of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.

―→ ·Being public figures， leaders are supposed to appear    　78　.

·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to    　79　    in public.―→ ·Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and   　80　.

·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do    　81　   to their organization.

短文改错(共10 小题；每小题 1分,满分10分)?

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:?

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。?

此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。?

此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。?

注意:原行没有错的不要改。?

Dear Sam and Jenny,?

Thank you very much to letting me stay in your home           76_______.?

during your holiday. With this letter I am sending you the photos　77_______.?

of our wonderful holiday in Hainan. I have kept few　          78_______.?

photos which I like very much. They make me think of the happy  79_______.?

days we spend together. I will put them on the wall, somewhere　 80_______.?

near my beds. At this moment I am very busy with my studies.    81_______.?

I had a good time during the holiday and that is time　          82_______.?

for me to study hard. I must do good in the exams.              83_______.?

How about you? In your last letter you wrote that you?

were feeling very tiring. I hope you are feeling better now.        84_______.?

Will you be going to the Australia for Christmas?               85_______.??

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的第一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏写符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

Many year ago a poor man grew an orange tree. 　　　　　　       76. _______

On the tree there were many fine oranges. Some day he found　　　　   77. _______

one of them was so big as a football . He took it 　　　　　　　　　   78. _______

to the king . The king was so happy that he gave the 　　　　　　　    79. _______

poor man lots money. When a rich man heard of it ,　　　　　　　　   80. _______

he said for himself ,"I'll take my gold cup to the king 　　　　　　　　 81. _______

and he will give me much money . The next day the king receive　       82. _______

from the cup . The king was very fond of the cup and he told　　　　　　83. _______

the rich man, “I have an orange . It is beautiful than the cup, 　　　　84. _______

so I have decided to give it to you as the reward instead money”. 　　　　85. _______

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：每行只有一个错误，请按下列情况改正：

该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：请在答题卡上作答。            

In the 1860s, the President Lincoln declared                                                     76．_______________

that the slavery would be end in the USA. Inspired　　　                                     77．_______________

by the promise, many black people joined in the Northern Army,                          78．_______________

which made the Civil War end earlier than expect.　                                               79．_______________

And to the black people’s disappointment, they were                                              80．_______________

not treated as equal citizens. Since then, the black has                                           81．_______________

been fighting for freedom.

　　During the struggle, many people are killed. The most famous                    82．_______________

one was Martin Luther King. He fought for the free                                                  83．_______________

for the black all their life. In 1963 he made his famous                                             84．_______________

speech “ I have a dream” under the statue of Abraham Lincoln,

that inspired many generations in America.                             85．_______________

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：每行只有一个错误，请按下列情况改正：

该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：请在答题卡上作答。          

In the 1860s, the President Lincoln declared 76．_______________

that the slavery would be end in the USA. Inspired　　　  77．_______________

by the promise, many black people joined in the Northern Army,      78．_______________

which made the Civil War end earlier than expect.　   79．_______________

And to the black people’s disappointment, they were   80．_______________

not treated as equal citizens. Since then, the black has 81．_______________

been fighting for freedom.

　　During the struggle, many people are killed. The most famous   82．_______________

one was Martin Luther King. He fought for the free    83．_______________

for the black all their life. In 1963 he made his famous      84．_______________

speech “ I have a dream” under the statue of Abraham Lincoln,

that inspired many generations in America.                            85．_______________