Of all the animals in the animal kingdom, which one (aside from man) is the cleverest?

    There are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals. In one test a scientist sets three same cans on a table. While the animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans. Then he leads the animal away. Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food. No smelling is allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.

    This is called a delayed- response text. The idea is to find out how long an animal’s memory can keep information. The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They discovered that chimpanzees and elephants had the best memory, and were able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs came next, but they only remembered for nine hours.

    To settle the matter, the scientists designed a huge maze (迷宫) and ran the chimps  and elephants through it. The maze was very difficult, with many blind paths and dead ends. It took the chimps (chimpanzees) ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed half an hour. Even allowing for the elephants’ slower rate of speed, the test shows that chimpanzees are the cleverest animals.

    From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion (比例) to the size of its body. The elephant’s brain weighs ten pounds. But this is only 1/600^th of its 6,000 pounds body. A chimp’s brain weighs about one pound, or 1/120^th of its total body weight. So in proportion to its body size, the chimp has four times as much brain as the elephant----more brain for less body. The chimp is the champ!

Which is the best title ?

A. The Elephant’s Memory                                B. The Cleverest Animal

C. Judging Intelligence                                     D. The Chimp’s Brain

The main idea of this passage is that ________.

A. there are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals

B. chimps and elephants have the best memory          

C. intelligence tests show that the chimp is the cleverest animal                     

D. the scientists designed a huge maze and ran the chimps and elephants through it

The delayed-response test is designed to test an animal’s________.

A. eyesight                   B. intelligence               C. learning ability         D. memory

The passage tells that elephants ________.

A. never forget things                                       B. are more clever than chimps           

C. are slower-moving than chimps                            D. have better memories than chimps

According to the passage, a rhinoceros (犀牛) that weighs 2100 pounds, and has a 3-pound brain is

 ________.

A. as clever as a chimp                                     B. more clever than an elephant          

C. less clever than an elephant                           D. as clever as an elephant

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one example. Another  is  the  rise  of despots(独裁者) like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes come from experiences. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was  indirect  and  cumulative(累积的). The Nazis got certain ideas largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

　 The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a key position to influence(影响) attitudes. This is true partly because children obtain attitudes from those adults who they respect.

　 Another reason is that pupils are often curious about a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously got little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of dealing with such a unit will greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to change their feelings by praising or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain good experiences.

For example, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research outside reading and all-day trips.

　　Finally a teacher must not constantly show her own attitudes because her influence can be no good if she has personal prejudices(偏见). This is especially true in respect to controversial(引起争议的) questions  on  which  children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis(分析) of all the facts.

1.. The passage mainly tells us _____.

     A. attitudes affect our actions

     B. teachers play an important role in developing children’s attitudes

     C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

     D. teachers gradually affect pupils’ attitudes by their attitudes

2.. In the first paragraph the writer gives us two examples to _____.

     A. show that attitudes come from experiences        B. compare with each other

     C. show all experiences are direct and impressive     D. tell experiences from attitudes

3..When children in school have unpleasant attitudes, teachers should _____.

     A. change their feelings by scolding them         B. think highly of their good attitudes

     C. help them by giving them good experiences     D. take no notice of their feelings

4..The passage specially states in the last paragraph that _____.

     A. direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones

     B. what a child learns in school has already been introduced at home

     C. teachers can sometimes have a bad influence on children

     D. teachers should always cover up their own attitudes

Of all the animals in the animal kingdom, which one (aside from man) is the cleverest?

There are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals. In one test a scientist sets three same cans on a table. While the animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans. Then he leads the animal away. Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food. No smelling is allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.

This is called a delayed- response text. The idea is to find out how long an animal’s memory can keep information. The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They discovered that chimpanzees and elephants had the best memory, and were able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs came next, but they only remembered for nine hours.

To settle the matter, the scientists designed a huge maze (迷宫) and ran the chimps  and elephants through it. The maze was very difficult, with many blind paths and dead ends. It took the chimps (chimpanzees) ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed half an hour. Even allowing for the elephants’ slower rate of speed, the test shows that chimpanzees are the cleverest animals.

From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion (比例) to the size of its body. The elephant’s brain weighs ten pounds. But this is only 1/600^th of its 6,000 pounds body. A chimp’s brain weighs about one pound, or 1/120^th of its total body weight. So in proportion to its body size, the chimp has four times as much brain as the elephant----more brain for less body. The chimp is the champ!

1.Which is the best title ?

2.The main idea of this passage is that ________.

3.The delayed-response test is designed to test an animal’s________.

4.The passage tells that elephants ________.

5.According to the passage, a rhinoceros (犀牛) that weighs 2100 pounds, and has a 3-pound brain is

________.

The faces of the elderly, happily-married people sometimes look like each other. Dr. Aiken studied a number of couples who had been married for at least twenty-five years. Each couple provided four photographs—one photo of each partner at the time of their marriage and another photo to remove any clues. The photos were then displayed in groups: a random（随意的）grouping of the persons at the time of their marriage and another random grouping of the same persons who took photographs later. Some judges were asked to pick out the partners. They failed totally with the first group. Their judgments were no better than chance. But with the photos taken twenty-five or more years after the marriage, the judges were quite successful at deciding who was married to whom. They were particularly successful with the most happily-married couples.

Dr. Aiken believes there are several reasons why couples grow alike. One reason has something to do with imitation. One person tends to copy or do the same as someone else without knowing it. He says human beings copy the expressions of the faces of their loved ones. Another possible reason, he says, is the common experience of the couples. There is a tendency for people who have the same life experience to change their faces in similar ways. For example, if a couple suffered a lot of sad experiences, their faces are likely to change in a similar way.

56. The main purpose of the passage is to         .

tell how couples look like each other

show the life experience of husband and wife

explain why couples grow alike

describe the study on a number of married people

57. The judges failed to           .

tell couples by looking at their photos taken when they got married

tell happily-married couples from sadly-married couples

discover the difference of each partner

understand Dr. Aiken’s study

58. The underlined sentence “Their judgments were         .

59. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that         .

happily-married couples are often richer than other couples

couples who look alike can live longer

the influence between couples can be quite strong

all couples have been proved to grow alike

The faces of the elderly, happily-married people sometimes look like each other. Dr. Aiken studied a number of couples who had been married for at least twenty-five years. Each couple provided four photographs—one photo of each partner at the time of their marriage and another photo to remove any clues. The photos were then displayed in groups: a random（随意的）grouping of the persons at the time of their marriage and another random grouping of the same persons who took photographs later. Some judges were asked to pick out the partners. They failed totally with the first group. Their judgments were no better than chance. But with the photos taken twenty-five or more years after the marriage, the judges were quite successful at deciding who was married to whom. They were particularly successful with the most happily-married couples.

Dr. Aiken believes there are several reasons why couples grow alike. One reason has something to do with imitation. One person tends to copy or do the same as someone else without knowing it. He says human beings copy the expressions of the faces of their loved ones. Another possible reason, he says, is the common experience of the couples. There is a tendency for people who have the same life experience to change their faces in similar ways. For example, if a couple suffered a lot of sad experiences, their faces are likely to change in a similar way.

56. The main purpose of the passage is to         .

tell how couples look like each other

show the life experience of husband and wife

explain why couples grow alike

describe the study on a number of married people

57. The judges failed to           .

tell couples by looking at their photos taken when they got married

tell happily-married couples from sadly-married couples

discover the difference of each partner

understand Dr. Aiken’s study

58. The underlined sentence “Their judgments were         .

A. quite successful            B. based on facts     C. only by luck        D. totally wrong

59. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that         .

happily-married couples are often richer than other couples

couples who look alike can live longer

the influence between couples can be quite strong

all couples have been proved to grow alike