1.__________

Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions（易患某病倾向）to certain diseases．Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer．Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child's genetic disorder will be．Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings．

2.__________

The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases．Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes （中风）. But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases．In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.

3.__________

Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allowsFor example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against．Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness．What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?

4.__________

Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not “play God” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society．

5.．__________

One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients’ permission. Most people would agree that one’s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious．

Attractions
Do you：
◆Love the National Park，value it and hope to safeguard its future?
◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape(风景) of the Park protected?
◆Like to enjoy peaceful，informal recreation within the Park?
Aims
The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy．We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority．
Activities
We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides．
We keep an eye on planning applications，Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes．We work with like-minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective．
We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools．
Benefits
◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public．
◆All members receive our regular News and Views．
◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues．
◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale．
◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties，for those willing and able to be involved．
If interested，please complete the Application Form at www. fpnp.org.uk．
【小题1】Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization?

Are you a top student in your school, or at least a top one in your class? If not, you may learn something from my story.
Growing up in a poor family with uneducated parents, I was not good at my study. But a teacher changed my life. Without her, I couldn^’t have  36  so much in my later career. I can still remember the very important day that has  37 my whole life.
I did so  38  in math that you may not imagine that I even couldn^’t count from “ONE” to “TEN”, when I was in Grade Three.
Then the 39_ day came. My father was asked to come to school to 40_ with my teacher, Ms King. You can^’t imagine how angry and 41_ my father was when he heard about my “excellent achievement”. He 42 at me：“since you can^’t even count from ‘ONE ’to ‘TEN’, what are you able to be when you  43_ up? Now, tell me！”I was scared and  44_ and didn^’t know what to say and tears came immediately into my eyes.
Then the most unforgettable time in my life came. “Maybe he can be a boxing refereeone day. That 45  only needs him to count from ‘ONE’ to ‘NINE’, which may
  46  him well.” Ms King looked into my eyes and firmly said.
Now, I am in my forties, and can you believe it that thanks to Ms King, I am really a well-known boxing 47 of WBO(World Boxing Organization),and that I do need to count only from “ONE” to “NINE”? So are still worried about your poor grades at school? Remember there will always be a place waiting for you!

 Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551 — 479 B.C.), and Socrates (469 — 399 B.C.) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.

       Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.

       Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.

       For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

       Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?

       A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common.

       B. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

C. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

       D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that          .

       A. all men were equal when they were born

       B. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

C. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class

       D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

       A. Family.                    B. Knowledge.              C. Potential.                 D. Community.

4.This passage is organized in the pattern of          .

       A. time and events                                            B. cause and effect

C. comparison and contrast                                D. definition and classification