A major source of teen stress is school exams，and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress，how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work.  71 _ What they look for is your presence—to talk，to cry，or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express her worries and fears，but don’ t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized.  72   Together，you and your teen can work out a schedule in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm environment. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy(隐私). Give them a nutritious diet. It is important for your teen to eat a healthy，balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best.   73    If this happens，encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet，rather than junk food，is best for reducing stress.
  74  Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and/or do something active when she needs a real break from studying. Making time for relaxation，fun， and exercise are all important in reducing stress. Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude.   75  Your panic，anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’ s pressure. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts. Most importantly，reassure (安慰)your teen that things will be all right， no matter what the results are.

A major source of teen stress is school exams，and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress，how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?

Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work.  71 _ What they look for is your presence—to talk，to cry，or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express her worries and fears，but don’ t let them focus on those fears.

Help them get organized.  72   Together，you and your teen can work out a schedule in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.

Provide a calm environment. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy(隐私). Give them a nutritious diet. It is important for your teen to eat a healthy，balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best.   73    If this happens，encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet，rather than junk food，is best for reducing stress.

  74  Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and/or do something active when she needs a real break from studying. Making time for relaxation，fun， and exercise are all important in reducing stress. Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.

Show a positive attitude.   75  Your panic，anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’ s pressure. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts. Most importantly，reassure (安慰)your teen that things will be all right， no matter what the results are.

E. The best thing is simply to listen.

F. Help your teen think about what she has to study and plan accordingly.

G. Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.

A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to stop a Scottish regional council（政务委员会）adding fluoride（氟化物）chemical to the public water supply.

In a case which has already cost the taxpayer ￡1,000,000, the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.

At her home last night Mrs Catherine fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup. “Where would it stop?” she asked. “They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water to keep the unemployed quiet.” It was a horrible poison, she said, that could have caused al kinds of diseases, including cancer.

The judge, however, concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on pulpier health. Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favored by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting t77he public in the first case. The Authority’s legal duty to provide “wholesome” water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink ,did not, he said, extend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means.

72．Mrs McColll felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually          .

A．took the local council to court

B．had a physical fight with the judge

C．urged the authority to apologize

D．spent much money removing the chemical

73．According to what the judge said in the passage, adding fluoride to the water      .

A．wasn’t proved to be harmful

B．was the duty of the local authority

C．was strongly poised by dentists

D．was surely beneficial to the public

74．Form the passage we learn that people like Mrs McColl are more concerned about      .

A．the improvement of their personal health

B．the problem of unemployment in their community

C．the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water quality

D．their right to be informed of the authorities’ decisions

                                           B

As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

    Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight, Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms（生物体）to be affected are either plants or plankton(浮游生物). But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.

　　Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage（下水道污物）and industrial waste. As more detergent（洗涤剂）is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water-proof (防水). Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead.

　　So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

70. Pollution of water is noticed________.

　　A. when the first organisms are affected　     

B. when a good many fish and birds die

　　C. when poisonous things are poured into water　

D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed

71.The living things die because there is no ________in the lake or river.

　　A. water　　　　　            B. fish            　 C. poison　　　　　   D. oxygen

72. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?

　　A. Organisms               　B. Plants and plankton in the water

　　C. Waste water from cleaning    D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water

73. The way to stop water pollution is to________.

　　A. realize the serious situation clearly

　　B. put oxygen into the river

　　C. make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water

　　D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish

A．Williams, who knew the dangers of the area, had refused to consult charts or maps and had become utterly lost in the bad weather.

B．When the Titanic sank, the stories of the courage mainly showed in the face of inevitable(不可避免的) death moved the world.

C．Major Sexton ordered the survivors on deck, and in one of the more remarkable displays of courage seen, the soldiers stood silently to attention as the women and children were loaded into the life-boats.

D．Within fourteen minutes t had sunk, taking with it 1,012 ordinary people.

E．Their behavior was shocking.

F．There were about six hundred and eighty on board, of whom fifty were women and children.

The Best and the Worst

　　　 Under the extreme conditions of a disaster, human beings display the best and worst they are capable of. In the midst of chaos “women and children first” is the traditional way of doing things.

71 . Sixty years before that, the passengers of another ship had shown even greater discipline and nobility in terrible circumstances.

　　　 The ship was the Birkenhead, a steam-powered troopship transporting British troops to South Africa. On 26 February, 1852, the ship hit an uncharted rock while rounding the Cape of Good Hope. 72　 . The remainders were soldiers and officers of the 74^th Highlanders, led by Major Alexander Sexton. In addition, the ship was laden with horses.

　　　 The initial collision had already caused dozens of the troops to be drowned as they slept below decks. 73　 . The ship was sinking rapidly and leaning, but they continued to stand until all the women and horses were driven over-board to give them a chance. Only then, at the order from Major Sexton, did they break ranks and try to save their own lives. But the ship broke up, and four hundred and eighty-eight of the soldiers died.

　　　 In complete opposition to this bravery, was the occasion when nearly all the casualties(人员伤亡) were women and children. This happened on 1 April, 1873. The White Star liner Atlantic, under the command of the incompetent Captain Williams, was wrecked on rocks off the coast of Nova Scotia. 　74　 . In the panic, the male passengers deserted their families and tried to escape ashore.　 75　 . There were five hundred and sixty deaths. Of the four hundred survivors, not one was a woman.