If you are looking for an animal to take the title of “most violent fish in the sea”, then the tiger puffer (河豚) fish would have to be a strong contestant. Not only is it deadly poisonous --- though that doesn’t stop people trying to eat it --- but it is also able to scare off enemies by inflating itself to become much larger than normal, when it is young it even chews on its own brothers and sisters.
Tiger puffer fish attach their eggs to rocks near the bottom of the sea, often at the mouths of bays. Then the larvae (幼鱼) move to the entries of rivers and lakes once they have grown a little. Then, having put on a lot of weight, they head out to sea. There’s no innocent childhood for the puffer fish, as Shin Oikawa of Kyushu University in Japan and his colleagues found out when they put the larvae of tiger puffer fish in the lab and monitored them for two months. They found that the larvae went through three steps in which their metabolic(新陈代谢) rates increased dramatically when they reached body weights of 0.002g, 0.01g, and 0.1g. When a larva went through one of these steps, its behavior also changed. For instance, once a larva had passed the first level it would have grown its first tooth and could start attacking larvae that had not yet reached that stage. Similarly, any larva that had reached the 0.01g or 0.1g levels would start attacking lighter larvae.
The researchers noted that the baby fish had a “relatively small mouth”, so rather than swallowing their brothers and sisters whole, they would bite pieces out of them. Despite this limitation, the fish caused plenty of deaths --- up to 12 per cent of the deaths that happened in the lab each day.
Those fish that grew fast enough to be able to chew on their fellows had an advantage. The extra food accelerated their growth and development. Tiger puffer fish are likely to be faster and swifter, so they can deal better with enemies.
As the name suggests, puffer fish can inflate to make themselves seem much larger than they really are, thus scaring off enemies. They do this by filling their stomachs, which are extremely elastic(弹性的), with water. If that’s not enough of a threat, the tiger puffer fish --- like most of the other puffer fish in the family --- carries a deadly toxin(毒素). Eat one puffer fish and the poison will paralyze (瘫痪) your muscles, including the muscles responsible for breathing, so death is usually caused by a lack of oxygen. Famously, the fish is a delicacy in Japan, where highly qualified chefs produce dishes that contain the safe level of the poison. Interestingly, the puffer fish does not go to the trouble of producing the poison itself. Instead, it hosts bacteria (细菌) that produce the stuff. It obtains these bacteria from its diet, so the youngest adult fish are not poisonous.
【小题1】All of the following statements account for the violence of puffer fish except that_____.

If you are looking for an animal to take the title of “most violent fish in the sea”, then the tiger puffer (河豚) fish would have to be a strong contestant. Not only is it deadly poisonous --- though that doesn’t stop people trying to eat it --- but it is also able to scare off enemies by inflating itself to become much larger than normal, when it is young it even chews on its own brothers and sisters.
Tiger puffer fish attach their eggs to rocks near the bottom of the sea, often at the mouths of bays. Then the larvae (幼鱼) move to the entries of rivers and lakes once they have grown a little. Then, having put on a lot of weight, they head out to sea. There’s no innocent childhood for the puffer fish, as Shin Oikawa of Kyushu University in Japan and his colleagues found out when they put the larvae of tiger puffer fish in the lab and monitored them for two months. They found that the larvae went through three steps in which their metabolic(新陈代谢) rates increased dramatically when they reached body weights of 0.002g, 0.01g, and 0.1g. When a larva went through one of these steps, its behavior also changed. For instance, once a larva had passed the first level it would have grown its first tooth and could start attacking larvae that had not yet reached that stage. Similarly, any larva that had reached the 0.01g or 0.1g levels would start attacking lighter larvae.
The researchers noted that the baby fish had a “relatively small mouth”, so rather than swallowing their brothers and sisters whole, they would bite pieces out of them. Despite this limitation, the fish caused plenty of deaths --- up to 12 per cent of the deaths that happened in the lab each day.
Those fish that grew fast enough to be able to chew on their fellows had an advantage. The extra food accelerated their growth and development. Tiger puffer fish are likely to be faster and swifter, so they can deal better with enemies.
As the name suggests, puffer fish can inflate to make themselves seem much larger than they really are, thus scaring off enemies. They do this by filling their stomachs, which are extremely elastic(弹性的), with water. If that’s not enough of a threat, the tiger puffer fish --- like most of the other puffer fish in the family --- carries a deadly toxin(毒素). Eat one puffer fish and the poison will paralyze (瘫痪) your muscles, including the muscles responsible for breathing, so death is usually caused by a lack of oxygen. Famously, the fish is a delicacy in Japan, where highly qualified chefs produce dishes that contain the safe level of the poison. Interestingly, the puffer fish does not go to the trouble of producing the poison itself. Instead, it hosts bacteria (细菌) that produce the stuff. It obtains these bacteria from its diet, so the youngest adult fish are not poisonous.

1. 1.

   All of the following statements account for the violence of puffer fish except that______.

   1. A.
      they are very difficult to catch
   2. B.
      they can become larger to threaten enemies away
   3. C.
      they kill their younger companions as they grow up
   4. D.
      they are deadly poisonous
2. 2.

   We can learn from the second paragraph that puffer fish ______.

   1. A.
      can only grow to a weight of 0.1g
   2. B.
      do not change their behavior as they grow up
   3. C.
      like to find a safe place to hatch the next generation
   4. D.
      begin to grow teeth when they reach the third level
3. 3.

   Where does the poison in the puffer fish’s body come from?

   1. A.
      Its inner organs.
   2. B.
      The air it breathes in.
   3. C.
      The diet it eats.
   4. D.
      The bacteria around it.
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

   1. A.
      Puffer fish can only produce poison when they face danger.
   2. B.
      People like eating puffer fish even though they are poisonous.
   3. C.
      The larvae are more aggressive than adult puffer fish.
   4. D.
      Young puffer fish taste better than adult puffer fish.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rushing for the showers，no one noticed Mayo's empty bunk．In any event，he usually go up earlier to join the other special assignment Marines for an hour of physical training．But Mayo's fellow Marines assumed he was fulfilling naval duties at the hazardous-materials division．No one went looking for him．

　　The sun was burning off layers of fog over the sea when Mayo paused to re-inflate his coveralls．After eight hours in the ocean，his throat was raw with thirst．Every muscle in his body cried for rest．

　　Inspecting the closely，Mayo spotted a pencil-size hole．He removed his watch the cinched fabric． The coveralls retained air for ten minutes at a time now，but the effort of keeping them inflated was becoming increasingly difficult．

　　Mayo resisted an impulse to check the time．If he kept looking at his watch，he decided-ed，that would just heighten his anxiety．Besides，the sun told him it was midmorning．By noon，he thought，search planes from the carrier should be over his position．

Now the sun was low in the sky．Where are the airplanes？They had to come in day-light for him to be seen．He peered from horizon to horizon until the glare caused his eyes to tear．

　　Mayo watched the fiery red sun about to sink below the horizon．Desperately he scanned the sky for search planes．God，let them come．Then abruptly the sun dipped out of sight，and darkness crept over the sea．Mayo felt exhausted to the marrow（骨髓）of his bones．Just last as long as you can，he told himself．

　　But he had fought the ocean for more than 24 hours，and he past his limit of endurance．His dehydrated（虚脱的）body，wooden with fatigue，was of closing down．As the waves subsided，his eyes clamped shut，and his head slumped forward on the bulge of coveralls at his chest．When，someone had found his missing and informed his parents Stan and Cindy Mayo．

　　The jangle（响声）of the telephone in the living room awakened Stan and Cindy Mayo at 4 a．m．On Wednesday，November 29．Dashing down the hall，Stan had the phone off the look with seconds．“ Hi，”someone said，“ How are you doing？”

1．Which is true according to the first paragraph？

[　　]

A．The companies of Mayo noticed his missing and informed it to the captain that morning．

B．Mayo was fulfilling naval duties at the hazardous-materials division．

C．Mayo was joining the physical training．

D．No one knew he was fallen into the sea．

2．Why did it become more difficult to keep his coveralls inflated？

[　　]

A．Because Mayo had no enough energy to reinflate it．

B．Because it is too wet．

C．Because it is hard to reinflate．

D．Because the coveralls had been broken．

3．The hope of Mayo when he was in the sea is________．

[　　]

A．a ship would turn up

B．an airplane would search and save him

C．to see his parents

D．to see his girlfriend

4．We can infer from the passage that________．

[　　]

A．the man who spoke most be Mayo

B．he was saved at last

C．may he someone informed the parents about Mayo's death

D．it may be the parents'friend who called to them

       Many countries have passed safety laws that require seat belts in vehicles. A modern three-point seat belt, also called a safety belt, is a harness to prevent the driver or a passenger from flying forward and hitting hard against the interior of a vehicle during a collision. A modern seat belt will help to position you properly to gain maximum benefit from your car’s airbags that will inflate（使充气）during a collision. Using a seat belt also prevents you from being ejected (弹出) from a car into the path of oncoming traffic. Research shows that when you wear a modern seat belt, you reduce the risk of death or serious injury by 70% or more during an auto accident.

       Seat belts have existed in different forms since the early days of automobiles, and they have changed from a single lap belt to the three-point seat belt we use today. In 1911 the first airplane seat belt was installed. Then, in the 1920’s they were used in racecars. By the 1930s, a group of American physicians created lap belts for their own vehicles and urged vehicle manufacturers to provide seat belts on all vehicles.

       Dr. C. Hunter Shelden made a major contribution to our safety with his article in the November 5, 1955 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). He strongly encouraged the manufacture and use of door locks, airbags, and retractable(伸缩式的) seat belts, like the ones we use today. The modern three-point seat belt, including a lap belt and a shoulder belt, was introduced as standard equipment on Volvo cars in 1959.

       In 1970, the state of Victoria in Australia made the wearing of a seat belt compulsory for every car driver and front-seat passenger. Today many countries have also mandated(授权) the use of five-point safety harnesses for carefully designed child safety seats that can protect a child during a serious car accident.

       An airbag is a Supplemental Restraint System, or SRS, and consists of a rapidly inflatable restraint cushion that works together with a seat belt to protect you during a collision. Modern cars often contain several airbags in various locations. Since airbags can only inflate once and will quickly deflate after the initial impact, they will not provide any protection for you during a secondary collision.

       The inflation of airbag can protect or hurt you. The risk zone for a driver’s airbag is the first 8 centimeters from its pre-inflation location. While driving, you should remain about 25 centimeters from the airbag in the center of the wheel. As a driver, wear your seat belt and make sure children correctly use their seat belts. Failure to wear a seat belt properly means the airbags in your car might injure or even kill you during an accident.

       An essential part of your safe driving skills is the habit of making sure that you and each of your passengers are always properly positioned and wearing a seat belt. There are many wonderful benefits of being able to drive a car, but there are also severe consequences during an accident for anyone who chooses not to wear a seat belt.

63. This article mostly deals with         .

A. how to drive safely on the road                     B. different forms of seat belts

C. the history of seat belt development                      D. the importance of seat belt use

64. We can learn from this article that _____.

A. to reduce your risk of death or serious injury by 70%, you must wear a five-point seat belt while you are driving

B. American physicians created lap belts for their own vehicles because they had seen many injuries caused by car accidents

C. if two or more collisions occur during a serious car accident, your airbags can help reduce the risk of death by 70%

D. the U.S. was the first country to require by law that car drivers and front-seat passengers wear their seat belts

65. The author treats the subject of this article with         .

A. good humor                     B. admiration                C. seriousness               D. disapproval

66. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Seat belts were first used in airplanes and then applied to vehicles.

B. Airbags, door locks, and seat belts were all designed at the same time.

C. The lap belt is more modern than the 3-point safety belt.

D. Buying the latest seat belts is an essential driving skill.