Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once.

    The most important reasons for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors(祖先) battled nature with the basic tools they had. They had only basic ways of creating light, and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated（孤零零的）places to save ships from hitting rocks.

    Secondly, visiting lighthouses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers. By their very nature, lighthouses were built on some rocks of cliffs. Thus, the lighthouse keepers often lived lonely lives. To walk around their small home, and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls, is to take a step towards understanding the lives they had.

    The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. Therefore, with the gentle waves touching all round the lighthouse, the visitor is likely to think it is a world preferable to the busy and noisy modern life.

    Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings. Mankind could often not be content just to put up a basic structure, but felt the need, even in such an isolated place, to build with an artistic touch. The result is a view for tired eyes to enjoy.

    Finally, lighthouses have a romantic attraction, summed up by the image of the oil-skin coated keeper climbing his winding stairs to take care of the light to warn ships and save lives.

67. What is the reason to look back into the past of a lighthouse?

   A. To escape from the busy and noisy city.

   B. To look for the tools used by our ancestors.

   C. To experience the natural beauty of a lighthouse.

   D. To learn about the living condition of lighthouse keepers.

68. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.

   A. far-away     B. dangerous      C. ancient       D. secret

69. Lighthouses were often built with an artistic touch _________.

   A. to attract visitors       B. to guide passing ships

   C. to give a pleasant sight  D. to remember lighthouse keepers

70. How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to lighthouse?

   A. Three        B. Four         C. Five          D. Six

Scientists have transformed men’s minds into a virtual（虚拟的）woman’s body in an experiment that could throw light upon how humans distinguish themselves form others.
In a study at Barcelona University, men wore a virtual reality headset that allowed them to see and hear the world as a female character. When they looked down, they could even see their new body and clothes.
The “body－swapping” effect was so convincing that the men’s sense of self was transferred into the virtual woman, causing them to react to events in the virtual world they were immersed（沉浸）. “This work opens up another avenue for virtual reality, which is not just to transform your sense of place, but also your sense of self,” said Mel Slater, “If you can temporarily give people the illusion that their bodies are different, then the evidence suggests it also affects their behavior and the way they think. They can have new experiences: a person who is thin can know what it is like to be fat. A man can have an experience of what it’s like to be a woman.”
During the experiment, a “female” approached and hit the face of the character another man was playing. “Their reaction was immediate,” said Slate. “They would take in a quick breath and maybe flinch（退缩）. The more people reported being in the girl’s body, the stronger physical reaction they had.” But in all cases, the feeling was temporary and lasted only as long as the study.
The study shows that our minds have a very fluid picture of our bodies. The research is expected to shed light on the puzzle of how our brain tells the difference between a part of our own body and something else in the wider world. Thus the work might improve the conditions for those who have experienced strokes by placing them in a world that helps them to use their bodies to the full again.
【小题1】How can a man’s mind get into a woman’s body?

Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch (更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about         .

    Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once .

The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors (祖先) battled nature with the basic tools they had . They had only basic ways of creating light , and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated (孤零零的) places to save ships from hitting rocks .

Secondly , visiting lighthouses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers .By their very nature , lighthouses were built on some rocks or cliffs . Thus , the lighthouse keepers often lived lonely lives . To walk around their small home , and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls , is to take a step towards understanding the lives they had.

The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time . It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the way places . But on a pleasant sunny summer day. This very isolation has a untural beauty that many people will love to experience . Therefore , with the gentle waves touching all round the lighthouse . the visitor is likely to think it is a world preferable to the busy and noisy modern life.

Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings . Mankind could often not be content just to put up a basic structure . but felt the need . even in such an isolated place , to build with an artistic touch . The result is a view for tired eyes to enjoy .

Finally , lighthouses have a romantic attraction , summed up by the image of the oil-skin coated keeper climbing his winding stairs to take care of the light to warn ships and save lives .

67．What is the reason to look back into the past of a lighthouse ?

       A．To escape from the busy and noisy city .

       B．To look for the tools used by our ancestors .

       C．To experience the natural beauty of a lighthouse .

       D．To learn about the living condition of lighthouse keepers .

68．The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph of means         .

       A．far-away .           B．dangerous            C．ancient               D．secret

69．Lighthouses were often built with an artistic touch         .

       A．to attract visitors                                                                B．to guide passing ships

       C．to give a pleasant sight                         D．to remember lighthouse keepers

70．How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to a lighthouse ?

第三部分 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡将该项涂黑。

    Tears are nature’s way of making us feel more comfortable. When our eyes is made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are worn out and “red-eyes” from over work and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them.

   Tears are also a sign of strong emotion. We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy.

   And tears seem to be uniquely human. We know that animals also experience emotion fear, pleasure, loneliness, but they do not shed (流) tears.

   Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland (腺) in the body. Because salt is an important part, tears may actually constitute（构成）the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the sea.

   And it is clear that, in addition to the emotional benefits, the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well. Through tears, from our body we can get rid of certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance in the body. Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again. And thus the emotional and the biological functions of tears merge (合并) into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise be.

56. According to the passage, human beings may have originated（起源）in __________.

   A. the sea           B. the salt          C. chemicals          D. animals

57. Which of the following is NOT a function of tears?

   A. Biological.        B. Emotional.       C. Political.          D. Chemical.

58. According to the article, which of the following is unique to humans?

   A. The feeling of loneliness.              B. The state of feeling good.

   C. The ability to shed tears.               D. The feeling of fear.

59. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

   A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion.

   B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortable.

   C. Tears are uniquely human.

   D. Tears have certain biological function.