This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.

What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.

First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.

The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.

However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.

Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel－a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.

While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!

1.．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

2.．Which is NOT true for a full biofuel switch of airplanes?

A Biofuel cannot run for long flights.                  

B．Biofuel cannot work at high altitudes.

C．Man has not enough land to grow extra crops for biofuel. 

D．It’s not easy for sewage treatment plants to manufacture biofuel.

3.．One of the hurdles to be overcome for a full biofuel switch is to          .

4.．We can infer from the last paragraph that          .

5.．Which of the following can best serves as the title of this passage?

This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.
What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.
First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.
The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.
However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.
Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel-a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.
While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!

1. 1.

   ．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

   1. A.
      To cut down the flight cost of the company
   2. B.
      To remove some hurdles for the biofuel to work
   3. C.
      To reduce CO₂ emissions from airplanes
   4. D.
      To test plane engines on biofuel
2. 2.

   ．Which is NOT true for a full biofuel switch of airplanes?

   1. A.
      Biofuel cannot run for long flights
   2. B.
      ．Biofuel cannot work at high altitudes
   3. C.
      ．Man has not enough land to grow extra crops for biofuel
   4. D.
      ．It’s not easy for sewage treatment plants to manufacture biofuel
3. 3.

   ．One of the hurdles to be overcome for a full biofuel switch is to          

   1. A.
      alter the engine for airplanes
   2. B.
      make biofuel burn consistently
   3. C.
      open more land to grow more crops
   4. D.
      develop sewage treatment plants
4. 4.

   ．We can infer from the last paragraph that          

   1. A.
      there is a long way to go for a complete switch to alternative fuel
   2. B.
      it won’t be long before alternative fuel comes into use
   3. C.
      airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers are reliable
   4. D.
      alternative fuel has a bright future
5. 5.

   ．Which of the following can best serves as the title of this passage?

   1. A.
      Biofuel-Alternative Fuel Sources
   2. B.
      The First Commercial Flight Powered by Biofuel
   3. C.
      How to Reduce CO₂ Emissions from Airplanes
   4. D.
      Vigin Airlines Trying to Alter Fuel Sources

This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.

What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.

First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.

The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is thatthe land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.

However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.

Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel－a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.

While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!

71．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

　　　 A．To cut down the flight cost of the company.

B．To remove some hurdles for the biofuel to work.

　　　 C．To reduce CO₂ emissions from airplanes.　　

D．To test plane engines on biofuel.

72．Which is NOT true for a full biofuel switch of airplanes?

　　　 A Biofuel cannot run for long flights.　　　　　　　　　

B．Biofuel cannot work at high altitudes.

　　　 C．Man has not enough land to grow extra crops for biofuel.

D．It’s not easy for sewage treatment plants to manufacture biofuel.

73．One of the hurdles to be overcome for a full biofuel switch is to　　　　　 .

　　　 A．alter the engine for airplanes　　　　

B．make biofuel burn consistently

　　　 C．open more land to grow more crops　

D．develop sewage treatment plants

74．We can infer from the last paragraph that　　　　　 .

　　　 A．there is a long way to go for a complete switch to alternative fuel　

B．it won’t be long before alternative fuel comes into use

　　　 C．airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers are reliable　　

D．alternative fuel has a bright future

75．Which of the following can best serves as the title of this passage?

　　　 A．Biofuel-Alternative Fuel Sources.　　　　　　　

B．The First Commercial Flight Powered by Biofuel.

　　　 C．How to Reduce CO₂ Emissions from Airplanes.　

D．Vigin Airlines Trying to Alter Fuel Sources.

In one of the strongest indications of the power of the mind to influence the body ,a growing collection of evidence finds that people who are depressed have a greatly higher risk of developing heart disease.

In a study of almost 3,000 men and 5,000 women , depressed men were 70 percent more likely to develop coronary (心脏的)heart disease than those who weren’t depressed. While depressed women were just 12 percent more likely to develop heart disease. Those who were severely depressed were 78 percent more likely.In fact ,a 1998 study found that women who are depressed have a risk of dying from heart disease equal to that of women who smoke or who have high blood pressure.

The link works the other way around, too: While about 1 in 20 American adults experience major depression in a given year, that number jumps to about one in three among those who have survived a heart attack.

The more severe the depression, the more dangerous it is to your health .But some studies suggest that even mild depression ,including feelings of hopelessness experienced over many years ,may damage the heart. Other studies suggest depression may affect how well heart disease medications work.

Researchers aren’t sure what the connection between depression and heart disease is, but theories exist. One is that people who are depressed tend not to take very good care of themselves. They’re more likely to eat high –fat ,high-calorie “comfort ”foods ,less likely to exercise ,and more likely to smoke. But beyond lifestyle ,there is probably also a physiological link between depression and heart disease. Recent studies found that people with severe depression tended to have a lack of heart-healthy O-3 fatty acids. People who are depressed also often have high levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙)These keep the body primed for fight or flight ,raising blood pressure and causing the heart to beat faster, all of which put additional stress on coronary arteries (动脉)and prevent the body’s natural healing mechanisms from working properly.

A whole branch of medicine is devoted to the complex links between mental health ,the nervous system, the hormone system and so on. This science is gradually soring out how the mind- body connection affects us , or defense against heart disease.

Generally, an estimated 10 percent of American adults experience some form of depression every year. Although available treatments can east symptoms (症状) in more than 80 percent of people treated, less than half of those with depression get the help they need .

1.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. Depression -----Heart Disease Risk Factor      B. Heart Disease---- Health Killer

C. Depression ---- Mental Health Enemy            D. Heart Disease ---- Depression Factor

2.Which statement is NOT true the passage?

A. With high blood pressure,depression is another potential risk to women’s health.

B. Depression,which is mild,can possibly cause damage to your health

C. Most people who experience depression get treated as they should be

D. Depression may have some influence on the function of heart disease medication

3.According to the passage ,the possible connections between heart disease and depression are the following EXCEPT______________

A. Depressed ones tend to eat high fat and high –calories food ,which leads to physical damage to heart

B. Severe heart disease may cause people to feel hopeless and depressed

C. Depression may result in the lack of some kind of acids ,which probably affects the working of people’s heart.

D. People with depression often have a high level of stress hormones ,maybe ,which will put extra pressure on one’s heart.

4.We can infer from the passage that _________

A. More researches will be done to find the certain links between heart disease and depression

B. The percentage of adults with depression is higher than that of depressed adults with heart disease .

C. One’s life style has relatively little relationship with one’s mental health.

D. Those with depression have a higher risk of developing heart disease.

Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. If so, use these tips to help you.

Study Techniques

You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract (make less concentrated) you.

Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.

Don’t try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes.

Test-taking Skills

　　All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.

Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.

When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.

36．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to he passage?

A.Check the time during the exam at a certain time.

B.Staying up all night and studying is a tiring but effective way

C.You should study in a different place every day, so you don’t get bored.

D.Your concentration will improve if you study and watch TV at the same time.

37. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.Time-planning Skills

B.Exercise-doing Skills

C.Pressure-reducing Skills

D.Tips both in Study and Test-taking

38. Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A. Don’t check the time during the test.

B. All your hard work will make sense if you study all night before the test.

C. You’ll concentrate more if there are some pictures in front of you.

D. You can break down the learning tasks and finish one at a time.

39. Which of the following is not included in the tips?

A. Reference books.　　　　

B. Healthy food.

C. Proper timetable.　　　

D. Enough rest