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WASHINGTON－According to statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 72 officers were killed by criminals in 2011, increased markedly in recently years．
The 2011 deaths were the first time that more officers were killed by suspects than car accidents．The number was the highest in nearly two decades, excluding those who died in the Sept．11 attacks in 2001 and the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995．
While the F．B．I．and other law enforcement(执行)officials cannot fully explain the reasons for the rise in officer homicides, they are clear about the terrible consequences．
“In this law enforcement job, when you pin this badge on and go out on calls, when you leave home, you can't guarantee that you will come back,” said Sheriff Ray Foster of Buchanan County, Va．
After a series of killings in early 2011, Attorney General Eric H．Holder Jr．asked federal authorities to work with local police departments to try to come up with solutions to the problem．
The F．B．I．, which has tracked officer deaths since 1937, paid for a study conducted by John Jay College that found that in many cases the officers were trying to arrest or stop a suspect who had previously been arrested for a violent crime．
That prompted the F．B．I．to change what information it will provide to local police departments, the officials said．Starting this year, when police officers stop a car and call its license plate into the F．B．I．'s database, they will be told whether the owner of the vehicle has a violent history．Through the first three months of this year, the number of police fatalities has dropped, though it is unclear why．
Some law enforcement officials believe that techniques pioneered by the New York Police Department over the past two decades and adopted by other departments may have put officers at greater risk by encouraging them to conduct more street stops and to seek out and confront(对抗)suspects who seem likely to be armed．In New York and elsewhere, police officials moved more officers into crime-ridden areas．
Some argue that the rise in violence is linked to the tough economy．With less money, police departments, after years of staffing increases, have been forced to make cutbacks(削减)．
The police chief in Camden, N．J．, J．Scott Thomson, whose force of 400 was cut by nearly half last year because of financing issues, said that having fewer officers on the street “makes it that much more difficult to create an environment in which criminals do not feel as encouraged to attack another person, let alone a law enforcement officer．”
“Every stop can be potentially fatal, so we are trying to make sure the officers are ready and prepared to face deadly force every single day they go out．” Ms．Klimt said．
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阅读理解
Tom Dyson tried to find out what his new machine could do. One day he fixed the small box to a flowering plant that was growing in a pot. He didn't say anything at all, but he began to think some cruel thoughts.
“I'm going to cut off these flowers. They're getting old and ugly. So I'll cut them off…”
The needle on the machine climbed quickly from zero to 8, then 10, 12, 15. It stopped at 17. The plant was in trouble! Something was worrying it. Was it fear or sadness? The thought of being cut? The flowers bent their heads. They suddenly looked old and tired, and Tom felt sorry for them.
“No, no!” he cried.“I won't cut you. You're my friends. I just want you to grow and be lovely. I'll take you outside, into the sunshine. You'll like that, won't you?”
The flowers lifted their heads slowly and seemed to smile at him. The needle returned to zero. Tom put away the machine, picked up the plant and walked outside. It was very nice in the garden that morning.
All plants enjoy their owner's love and care and kindness. They know the sound of their voice. They also seem to understand people's thoughts. So if you have flowers of your own, think about them with love. They will return your kindness in the only way they can: they will grow strong and beautiful.
1．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
[ ]
a．The needle pointed to 17.
b．Tom felt sorry for the flowers.
c．Tom thought of cutting off the flowers.
d．The flowers looked old and tired.
e．Tom fixed the machine to a plant.
f．Tom took the plant outside.
g．The needle returned to zero.
h．Tom cried, “I won't cut you.”
[ ]
A．e; a; g; h; d; b; c; f
B．c; e; d; a; b; h; g; f
C．e; c; a; d; h; b; f; g
D．e; c; a; d; b; h; g; f
2．The only way in which plants can show their love is ________.
[ ]
A．enjoying their owner's love
B．bringing up nicely
C．holding up their heads
D．smiling at their owners
3．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[ ]
A．Tom wanted to cut off the flowers.
B．Tom said nothing, but the flowers could understand him.
C．The machine didn't work properly.
D．The flowers were getting bad - looking
查看习题详情和答案>>Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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distribute B. stresses C. unloading D. contents E. undoubtedly F. strain G. purchases H. vitally I. frequent J. adventurous |
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that over 50,000 people every year sustain some sort of winter-related back injury, and 5,800 of those are holiday decorating-related. These aches and pains can __41__ bring trouble to people’s life. It is said that people’s back could sustain all sorts of strain from carrying heavy __42__ , and from the increased stress of lugging suitcases, decorations and gifts. Dr. Alanna Levine spoke to Debbye Turner Bell on “The Early Show” about how to protect the back for the holiday season.
The first tip Dr. Levine gave was about carrying heavy shopping bags. Smaller bags, she said, are better. “You don’t want to load everything up into one bag and lug it around,” Dr. Levine explained. “You want to __43__ the weight on your body.” She also recommended putting heavier items towards the bottom in those bags and lighter items on top. Also, if you can, make __44__ trips to the car to drop off purchases.
Travel can be another pain in the back — from carrying heavy luggage. Again, Dr. Levine __45__ not to pack everything into one bag. Even though it may cost more, she said that packing two smaller bags is safer than packing one heavy one. Also, choose a light-weight bag, so that the only weight you’re carrying is the __46__ inside the suitcase.
When __47__ bags from an airport carousel, Dr. Levine suggests standing close to the carousel and bending your knees to lift it up. “You want to avoid that reach-and-lift. It puts a lot of __48__ on your lower back,” she said.
When it comes to holiday decorating, people can get __49__. Dr. Levine suggests decorating in pairs, so one person can hand the lights and ornaments to the other person to hang, as to avoid reaching or twisting to get what you need.
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下面的短文缺了5句话。仔细阅读该短文，并从所给的6个句子中选出符合短文意思的5个句子，填入到短文中去。
Like soccer, modern rugby began in Great Britain in the 19th century．It was played by many people in the countries of the Britain Empire, and was quite popular．(1)________ It is not part of Olympics．The countries that have professional rugby teams have a competition now and then, to decide the better team．But they do not have regular World Cup competition such as there is for soccer．
(2)________ The shape of the ball is oval(椭圆的)rather than round as it is in soccer．Rugby is also different from soccer in that it is played by a larger number of players．An amateur(业余)rugby team has 15 players, while a professional team has 13．
A rugby game usually lasts for 80 minutes．(3)________ Rugby teams also have substitutes(替补队员)just as soccer team do．This helps all the players by giving them a chance to rest during the games．Rugby is somewhat more complex(复杂)than soccer．It may be easy to follow when you are watching it, but it is hard to explain．
The scoring of a rugby game, for example, is complicated(复杂)．(4)________ The first way to score points in rugby is through “tries”．A “try” happens when a member of the team touches the ball down over the opponents’(对方)goal line．A try is worth three points．After a try has been scored, a goal may be attempted．(5)________ The goal is worth two points．A third way of scoring points in rugby is by scoring a field goal．A team can get three points by kicking the ball through the goal from anywhere on the field．Each team in rugby game tries to score more points than the other team．Each team tries to keep the other team from scoring．The team with more points at the end of the game wins．
A．The playing time is divided equally into two halves．
B．Now it is not so popular．
C．Football is a sport that more people watch than play．
D．There are three ways to score points in rugby．
E．This goal is scored by kicking the ball over the goal line from a particular place on the field．
F．The major difference between rugby and soccer is that rugby players may use their hands to move the ball．