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When we say older people shrink, we don’t mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it’s common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can’t be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all?
Because of gravity (that force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine (脊骨), get compressed (压缩), which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松). Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it’s not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people — especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with — are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures. These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over (驼背).
Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That’s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don’t worry, though. Once you get a good night’s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you’re standing tall again!
Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
1.Which of the following statements is true?
A．For shrinking, people can do nothing about it.
B．If someone is injured, he will become shorter.
C．Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.
D．We aren’t as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.
2.What should we do if we don’t want to shrink faster?
A．We should try to reduce gravity.
B．We should be careful not to be hurt by others.
C．We should sleep as long as possible.
D．We should keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.
3.What is the topic of the passage?
A．How can we stop shrinking?
B．Why do we shrink?
C．Some tips on how to keep tall.
D．How to live a healthy life.
4.About osteoporosis we know that _______.
A．gravity is one of the causes of osteoporosis
B．once our bone is broken down, osteoporosis will occur
C．women are more likely to develop osteoporosis
D．if we develop osteoporosis, we are more likely to be shorter
5.What will the author talk about in the paragraph to be followed?
A．Tell us how to grow taller.
B．Tell us how to become healthier.
C．Tell us how to avoid being shrinking.
D．Tell us what to do to have strong bones.
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Do you blank out or feel so nervous in exams that you have trouble writing answers to questions that you knew just last night? If so, you likely have a case of test anxiety.
But, don't be afraid. By recognizing the problem, you are taking the first step towards overcoming it.
Believe it or not, a touch of nervousness can sharpen your mind, allowing you to perform more quickly. This is because under stress, the body releases (释放) the hormone adrenaline (肾上腺素), which prepares it for something important that will happen. However, too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite（胃口）before tests, and poor performance. Some people might feel hot and tired. With great anger they often shout or complain for no reason.
If you worry a lot or are a perfectionist, you are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety. Those who have prepared poorly for a test or have had negative experiences taking tests may also experience test anxiety.
When you feel a storm of anxiety coming on, stop what you're doing and make your mind a blank. If possible, actually tell yourself to 'STOP!' This will get your mind off the stress.
Then think www..comof being at a place of comfort and let your body relax. As you continue the test, find questions you know the answers to and answer them first. This will help restore your confidence.
Important of all, talk to yourself using positive language. Make it a habit to replace each negative thought with a logical reason. For example: "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can."
Another thing you can do is to learn to accept mistakes. In fact, they can be valuable learning opportunities.
Last but not least, start test preparation early - three to five days ahead of the quiz or test. After all, good study habits and skills - for example, time management and note-taking - will give you the feeling that you are in control.
The best title of the passage is probably______
A. How to beat test anxiety.
B. What is test anxiety.
C. The effects of test anxiety.
D. Experience test anxiety will help you.
Those ______ more easily suffer from test anxiety.
A. who are not well prepared for a test.
B. who wants everything to be perfect and highest.
C. who have experiences of failure in exams.
D. who do poorly in their study.
The author mentions _____pieces of suggestions about how to get over test anxiety.
A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6
What can we infer from the passage？
A. Mistakes sometime can be valuable and helpful.
B. Those who have prepared poorly for a test cause test anxiety easily.
C. Full test preparations will give you the feeling that you are in control.
D. A touch of anxiety can have a positive effect.
The underlined word “hot” in Paragraph3 means .
A．disappointed B．angry C．active D．running a high body temperature
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may be because I think I should do something,and I can also accept that it is unimportant.Sometimes I see negative things going on around me and think it doesn't matter.As I started working on changing this in
myself,I came up with something that really works for me.
Not everything can intensely matter to us,or we will drive ourselves mad with concern and worry.
However,because procrastination(拖延)causes so many troubles in our lives,we can benefit from one
simple question.
When I think I should do something that perhaps I don't really feel like doing,I may think it doesn't
matter right now.Say,for example,that you think that you need to have your roof repaired.Then you think I should call someone and have it fixed.There may be many reasons or excuses and mixed emotions behind
the thought.Whatever you feel,you can convince yourself or accept that it doesn't matter.Ask yourself this question,"When will it matter?"After you answer this question,you may become motivated(受鼓舞的)to
take the necessary steps.By asking and answering,this question can actually make you least resistant to
accomplish what you want.
I think that everything matters in life；some things just matter less than other things.Saying "It doesn't
matter"or"I don't care"is a lie.If something is bothering you,it is because it matters to you.Therefore,the next time you think something doesn't matter,try the followup question.Perhaps the thing matters to you because you can see the consequence of ignoring it.Maybe by using the followup question you will see that it
"matters" to you now,and avoiding the issue is unlikely to make it matter less.
Taking action toward what matters to you is what makes the difference in your life.You have your
reasons for saying"It doesn't matter"and asking when it will matter can help.I hope this suggestion will help you as much as it has helped me.
B. To analyze what is important in life.
C. To show how to ask a good question.
D. To share tips on overcoming procrastination.
B. becomes crazy when facing difficulties
C. believes everything matters to him
D. tries to make no mistakes
B. prove that the author isn't good at organizing things
C. explain how negative feelings influence people's attitude
D. remind readers to break the habit of making excuses
B. help people take things more seriously
C. lead to people's being honest
D. offer more advice to people
B. Never say "It doesn't matter" when you face anything.
C. By asking when it will matter,you can always be successful.
D. Challenge yourself as much as possible in your life.
Dear Alice,
My name is Lisa．I have social anxiety, disorder and was wondering how it would be possible to see someone for help without my parents knowing about it. I know that they'd be anything but supportive. They would think I'm absolutely out of my mind．The truth is, I've put off dealing with it, acting as if it'll just go away or that I'll outgrow it. But in reality, the older I'm getting, the worse I'm getting. I avoid as many social situations as I can. I completely panic when meeting new people, I only stay in classes that don't require any talking on my part. It seems the only place I'm actually happy is at home or with people that I've known all my life. Hope you can help!
Dear Lisa,
About 5 million Americans have some form of social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia．While everyone experiences nervousness or fear in social situations to a certain extent, those with social anxiety disorder are weakened by their fear. They may have a constant, intense, and lasting fear of being watched and judged by others, or be terribly afraid of being embarrassed or laughed at by ways in which they behave. As you have described, this fear can prevent people with social anxiety disorder from doing everyday activities, such as going to school or work, and can become so much of a focus that they limit their socializing.
It's understandable that you are worried about how your parents might react to knowing what's been going on for you. Many people think that their families will blame them for how they're feeling or belittle their concerns. Being honest with your parents, however, might help you to feel more at ease; it's possible that they've noticed your behavior and wondered about it, or even struggled with similar feelings themselves. There's even some evidence that anxiety disorders may be genetic or run in families —perhaps due to environmental factors and patterns expressed through interpersonal interactions.
1. The problem of Lisa is that________.
A．She is not getting along well with her parents.
B．She becomes nervous meeting people
C．She always puts off dealing with her problems.
D．She fears social occasions
2. According to Lisa, her parents________.
A．has never supported her
B．are eager to know what's going on for her
C．are perhaps struggling with similar feelings
D．may criticize her for her trouble
3. In her letter, Alice first talked about________.
A．the possible causes of Lisa's problem
B．the effects of social phobia
C．people's attitudes towards nervousness
D．everyone's experience of social anxiety disorder
4. The underlined word "belittles" probably means________.
A．express B．hide C．ignore D．worry
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