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As the horizons of science have been expended, two main groups of scientists have formed. One is pure scientist; the other is the applied scientist.
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern(支配) our world. The applied scientist adapts(使适应) this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.
Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the “problems” for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft metals. Many of the metals which work well in a car cannot be used in a jet plane, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine, so aircraft designers have to turn to the researchers for the development of metals that would do the job in jet planes.
Dividing scientists into two group－pure and applied－is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize(专门化). Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision(再划分). And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more related until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialists(专业) have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
1．The applied scientist ________.
[ ]
A．does original research to understand the basic laws of nature
B．applies the results of research to practical problems
C．provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientist
D．is not interested in practical problems
2．Concerning the relative importance of pure and applied scientists, the writer thinks that ________.
[ ]
A．applied scientists are more important
B．pure scientists are more important
C．neither is important
D．both are equally important
3．The example given in the third paragraph shows how ________.
[ ]
A．pure science operates independently of applied science
B．applied scientists discover the basic laws of nature
C．applied science defines all the areas where the basic research is done
D．applied scientist suggests problems for the pure scientists
4．In the example given, the aircraft designer represents the ________.
[ ]
A．applied scientist
B．pure scientist
C．non－scientist
D．skilled mechanic(机械工)
5．“The horizons of science have been expended” means that ________.
[ ]
A．scientists can see further out into space
B．science has developed more research fields
C．the horizon changes size from year to year
D．scientists have made a machine for expending the horizon
查看习题详情和答案>>阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.
Looking ahead to 2010, it appears financially（资金上）impossible to accommodate 85,000 new students in classrooms at public four-year universities. Fortunately, such an approach（方法）is not necessary. Indeed, it's not even appropriate（合适的）.
Several forces are riding to the rescue. The two most important are distance learning and community and technical colleges. These will not eliminate the traditional setting where bachelor'（学士）and graduate degrees are earned. But they will be able to handle much of the growth in enrollments and the demand for higher education.
“When faced with a problem created by technology, apply more technology,” a late journalist once asserted. Higher education seems to be an example. New learning technology is a crucial tool in teaching new technical skills.
William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University, praised “Western Governors' University”--a virtual institution（虚拟大学）that uses the Internet and other information technology to overcome the vast distances of the West and reach people with education. “Just as the extremely controlled high school of old was perfect training for an assembly-line work force, so today's college is equally appropriate as a setting for a society whose members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources,” he notes.
Eastern Washington has long been a leader in this movement. For the past decade, Spokane's Education Service District 101 has brought the best teachers in the region to rural classrooms via satellite uplink. Washington State University（WSU） president Sam Smith reports that, during the same period, WSU managed a one-third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculty.
It's been done by holding growth at the main campus almost flat, setting up three branch campuses, locating learning at community colleges, and offering an extended degree program where students learn at home. In each case, technology is used to extend the “reach” of faculty.
The other cost-effective strategy is reliance on community and technical colleges. Here, Washington State has an edge. Its public two-year colleges provide the most extensive coverage in the nation. Jean Floten, president of Bellevue Community College, notes the system served 425,000 adult enrollees last year-a tenth all the state's adult population. Almost half were there for job training versus 40 percent for academic preparation.
（1）According to the author, to enroll more students, universities do not have to ________.
[ ]
A. enlarge their campuses
B. gain additional technical support
C. retain the traditional academic setting
D. accommodate more faculty members
（2）When the author says “Higher education seems to be an example” Paragraph 3, he means problems with higher education can be solved by all EXCEPT ________.
[ ]
A. applying new learning technology
B. using Internet and other information technology
C. teaching new technical skills
D. setting up more technical colleges
（3）It is implied in Paragraph 4 that to cope with the new problem, we should ________.
[ ]
A. set up new campuses
B. train more assembly-line workforce
C. provide knowledge through diverse means
D. reinforce high schools of old
（4）What has made possible “a one-third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculties”? _______.
[ ]
A. Technical and community college
B. New advances in science and technology
C. More learning centers
D. New school curricula
（5）Which aspect of education is mainly discussed in the text? ________.
[ ]
A. Traditional approaches
B. Top-ranked universities
C. Cost-effective strategies
D. Technology-based business
查看习题详情和答案>>阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.
Looking ahead to 2010, it appears financially（资金上）impossible to accommodate 85,000 new students in classrooms at public four-year universities. Fortunately, such an approach（方法）is not necessary. Indeed, it's not even appropriate（合适的）.
Several forces are riding to the rescue. The two most important are distance learning and community and technical colleges. These will not eliminate the traditional setting where bachelor'（学士）and graduate degrees are earned. But they will be able to handle much of the growth in enrollments and the demand for higher education.
“When faced with a problem created by technology, apply more technology,” a late journalist once asserted. Higher education seems to be an example. New learning technology is a crucial tool in teaching new technical skills.
William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University, praised “Western Governors' University”--a virtual institution（虚拟大学）that uses the Internet and other information technology to overcome the vast distances of the West and reach people with education. “Just as the extremely controlled high school of old was perfect training for an assembly-line work force, so today's college is equally appropriate as a setting for a society whose members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources,” he notes.
Eastern Washington has long been a leader in this movement. For the past decade, Spokane's Education Service District 101 has brought the best teachers in the region to rural classrooms via satellite uplink. Washington State University（WSU） president Sam Smith reports that, during the same period, WSU managed a one-third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculty.
It's been done by holding growth at the main campus almost flat, setting up three branch campuses, locating learning at community colleges, and offering an extended degree program where students learn at home. In each case, technology is used to extend the “reach” of faculty.
The other cost-effective strategy is reliance on community and technical colleges. Here, Washington State has an edge. Its public two-year colleges provide the most extensive coverage in the nation. Jean Floten, president of Bellevue Community College, notes the system served 425,000 adult enrollees last year-a tenth all the state's adult population. Almost half were there for job training versus 40 percent for academic preparation.
（1）According to the author, to enroll more students, universities do not have to ________.
[ ]
A. enlarge their campuses
B. gain additional technical support
C. retain the traditional academic setting
D. accommodate more faculty members
（2）When the author says “Higher education seems to be an example” Paragraph 3, he means problems with higher education can be solved by all EXCEPT ________.
[ ]
A. applying new learning technology
B. using Internet and other information technology
C. teaching new technical skills
D. setting up more technical colleges
（3）It is implied in Paragraph 4 that to cope with the new problem, we should ________.
[ ]
A. set up new campuses
B. train more assembly-line workforce
C. provide knowledge through diverse means
D. reinforce high schools of old
（4）What has made possible “a one-third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculties”? _______.
[ ]
A. Technical and community college
B. New advances in science and technology
C. More learning centers
D. New school curricula
（5）Which aspect of education is mainly discussed in the text? ________.
[ ]
A. Traditional approaches
B. Top-ranked universities
C. Cost-effective strategies
D. Technology-based business
查看习题详情和答案>>Looking ahead to 2010, it appears financially impossible to accommodate（容纳）85000 new students in classrooms at four-year universities. Luckily, such a way is not necessary. Indeed, it’s not even proper.
Several forces are riding to the rescue. The two most important are distance learning and community and technical colleges. These will not get rid of the traditional setting where bachelor’s（学士）and graduate degrees are earned. But they will be able to handle much of the growth in enrollments（注册人数，入学人数）and the demand for higher education.
“When faced with a problem created by technology, apply more technology.”a journalist once said. Higher education seems to be an example. New learning technology is an important tool in teaching new technology skill.
William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University, praised “Western Governors University” — a virtual institution（虚拟大学）that uses the Internet and other information technology to overcome the vast distances of the West and reach people with education. “Just as the extremely controlled high school of old was perfect training for an assembly-line（装配线）work force, so today’s college is equally proper as a setting for a society whose members must get and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources.” He noticed.
Eastern Washington has long been a leader in this movement. For the past decade, Spokane’s Education Service District 101 has brought the best teachers in the region to rural classrooms via satellite uplink. Washington Sate University （WSU）president Sam Smith reports that, during the same period, WSU managed one-third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculty（全体教员）.
It’s been done by holding growth at the main campus almost flat, setting up three branch campuses, locating learning at community colleges, and offering an extended degree program where students learn at home. In each case, technology is used to extend the “reach” of faculty.
The other cost-effective strategy is to trust community and technical college. Here Washington State has an edge（优越条件）. Its public two-year colleges provide the most extensive coverage（保证金）in the nation. Jean Floten, president of Bellevue Community College, notes the system served 425,000 adult students last year — a tenth all the state’s adult population. Almost half were there for job training versus（与……相对）40 percent for academic（高等专科院校）preparation.
1．According to the author, to enroll more students, universities don’t have to .
A．enlarge their campuses
B．gain additional technical support
C．retain（保留）the traditional academic setting
D．accommodate more faculty members.
2．When the author says “Higher education seems to be an example” in Paragraph 3, he means problems with higher education can be solved by all EXCEPT .
A．applying new learning technology
B．using Internet and other information technology
C．teaching new technical skills
D．setting up more technical colleges
3．What has made possible “a one- third increase in students with only 2 percent more faculty”?
A．Technical and community college. B．New advances in science and technology.
C．More learning centers. D．New school curricula.
4．Which way of education is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．Traditional ways. B．Top-ranked universities.
C．Cost-effective strategies. D．Technology-based business.
查看习题详情和答案>>William Henry Bragg was born at Westward，Cumberland，on July 2,1862.He was educated at Market Harboroagh Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College，Isle of Man.Elected as a minor scholar of Trinity College，Cambridge，in 1881，he studied mathematics under the well?known teacher，Dr E．J.Routh.He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885，and at the end of that year he was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide，South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject，almost casually，making an important contribution，and then dropping it again.However，the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913～1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance，the analysis of the crystal structure by means of X?rays.It is true that the use of X?rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs.This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities，and a member of the leading foreign societies.Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.
He was the author of many books，including Studies in Radioactivity，X?Rays and Crystal Structure，The World of Sound，Concerning the Nature of Things，Old Trades and New Knowledge，An Introduction to Crystal Analysis，and The Universe of Light.His favorite hobby was golf.After a life of astonishing productiveness，Sir William Bragg died on March 10,1942.
1.William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because________.
A．he succeeded in using X?rays to find out the crystal structure
B．he was the first to use X?rays to help to do his experiment
C．he determined to learn everything well and then gave them up
D．he was successful in his research work with the help of his son
2.According to this passage，William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT________.
A．mathematics? B．physics
C．medicine? D．sports
3.Which one of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A．Bragg became a professor in the University of Adelaide in 1885.
B．Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.
C．Bragg gained great achievements in many fields，including society.
D．Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X?Rays and Crystal Structure.
4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life
B．William Henry Bragg：A Famous Author
C．Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists
D．X?rays and the Crystal Structure
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