The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of poverty-of the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14 000 attempted suicides (自 杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.

　　There are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and con-stant relation between children and their par-ents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts dis-tance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in of-fices. 6 , the child sees mother and father,relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.

　　A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's 9 : helping to dig or build, look after ani-mals or babies-rather than 10 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.

　　These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 13 , are pro-vided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...

　　Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments (公寓). Instead of dangerous road, “keep off the grass” signs and “don't speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up.

　　 19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 20 .

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existence, it’s nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy 礼貌、谦让) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first severed”, while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen.?

Older people, tired and quick-tempered from a day's work, are not angels, either-far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but on does feel there is just a little more excuse.?

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative（迫切的）, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistant's won't bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration（恶化）.?

What is the writer's opinion concerning courteous manners towards women??

A. Since women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.?

B. It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women.?

C. "Lady First" should be universally practiced.?

D. Special consideration ought to be shown to them.?

According to the passage communication between human beings would not be smoother unless ________.

A．people were more considerate towards each other?

B. people were not so tired and quick-tempered?

C. women were treated with more courtesy?

D. public transport could be improved.?

The author probably does NOT agree that in big cities _______.

       A. Life will be even worse if no change is made

       B. transport conditions are rather poor

       C. it’s not uncommon to see people quarrel in public places

       D. it’s unreasonable to require the tired people to be polite

The main purpose of the author is to ________.

       A. call on people in big cities to pay more attention to politeness

       B. blame the schoolboys’ rude behavior towards elderly women on the tube or bus

       C. criticize the fast pace of city life

       D. tell young men to give their seats to elderly people

How could you describe the tone of this passage?           

A. acceptable                                     B. opponent

C. negative                                        D. encouraging

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.

　 But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world---if we start valuing water more than we did in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.

　 Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.

　 Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound (健康的) ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.

　 No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate (调整) water policy.

What is the real cause of the potentials water crisis.

　　A. Only half of the world's water can be used.

　　B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.

　　C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.

　　D. Humanity has not placed enough value on water resources.

As is indicated in the passage, the water problem _________ .

A. is already serious in certain parts of the world.

B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

　　C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs(水库)

　　D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

According to the author, the water price should _______ .

　　A. be reduced to the minimum        B. stimulate domestic demand

　　C. go with its real value             D. take into account the occurrences of droughts

In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______ .

　　A. guarantee full protection of the environment

　　B. centralize the management of water resources

　　C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

D. encourage local and regional water resources

短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。

A few years ago when I was 18 years old, my mom

passed away due to _____(癌症). It was the toughest time of                        __

my l_____. I have wonderful friends and family but the most                  ________

touching moment I ____（经历）was from a 10-year-old girl whom           _________

I didn’t know at all. I was w_____ at a summer camp and it was                   ________

a beautiful night w_____ a bright full moon. I became really                  _______

emotional and began to cry ________(默默地) around the campfire.               ____

Next _____ me was a camper of mine. She looked up at me                    _________

and noticed _____crying. She wrapped her arms around me                         

and gave me the biggest hug you could    _  (想象). Now I                       ______

realize that even _____ a little kindness seems insignificant,                           _____

it truly can make all the difference in the world.

With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.

Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.

It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.

This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.

The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.

“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.

“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”

The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.

A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B. save endangered animals from dying out

C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.

A. available panda eggs                B. host animals

C. qualified researchers                D. enough money

The best title for the passage may be _______.

A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning   

B. The First Cloned Panda in the World

 C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

 D. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever

From the passage we know that _______.

A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog

 B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit

 C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches

 D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century