So long as teachers fail to distinguish (differ) between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to plan cleverly the most efficient(有效的) system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to understand the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the long search for knowledge? Smith has one principle rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is got rid of. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the chance to solve the problem of learning to read by learning.

1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that_______. 

A. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

B. reading tasks are given with little guidance

C. it is one of the most difficult school courses

D. students spend limited hours in reading

2. The teaching of reading will be successful if _______. 

A. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

B. teachers can teach their students how to read

C. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

D. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

3. The word “scrutiny” (Paragraph 3) most probably means “_______”.

A. unbelief           B. control             C. inquiry             D. observation

4. The main idea of the passage is that_______.

A. reading is more complicated than believable

B. reading ability is something gained rather than taught

C. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

D. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（天津卷）)C

I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant , and ancient for a sportsman, Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age. but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.

A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, “ Fifty is what forty used to be . ”He had made an inspirational point, Am I over the hill ?People keep telling me that the hill has been moved, and I keep telling them that he high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I once easily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.

“ Your are not getting older, you are getting better . ” says Dr. Joyce Brothers . This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.

And so. as I approach the day when I cannot even jump over the tennis net. I am moves to share some thoughts on aging with you. I am moved to show how aging feels to me physically and mentally. Getting older. of course, is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies(悼词). In fact , a poet named Robert Browning considered it the best change of all :

Grow old along with me!

The best is yet to me.

Whether or not Browning was right , most of my first fifty years have been golden ones, so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by. I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend ( 混合) of both fighting and accepting my aging, hoping that the philosopher(哲学家) was right when he said . ”Old is always fifteen years from now. ”

44. The author seems to tell us in Paragraph I that

A time alone will tell                                       B time goes by quickly

C time will show what is right                          D time makes one forget the past

45. When the author turned fifty , people around him

A. tried to comfort him                                           B. got inspiration with him

C. were friendlier with him                              D. found him more talkative

46. The author considers his fifty years of life  

A peaceful                   B. ordinary                  C. satisfactory              D. regretful

47. We can infer from the passage that

A. the old should led a simple life                            B. the old should face the fact of aging

C. the old should take more exercise                   D. the old should fill themselves with curiosity

John Milton was born in 1606. his father expected him to enter the church of England, but Milton wanted to be a poet. At twenty-nine Milton set off for a travel on the continent. He traveled in France, Switzerland and Italy, winning the friendship of many artists and scientists, including Galileo, the famous Italian scientist who suffered for his discovery in prison. In 1639, he was planning to go on this journey when the news reached him of the break between the king and Parliament(国会). Milton returned to England immediately, and put himself into the struggle against the king, for which he had long been prepared. During the Civil war, Milton worked as the spokesman of the revolution. By the beginning of 1652, Milton had become completely blind, yet he didn’t stop fighting. After the Restoration(复辟), his books were burnt, and he himself avoided being killed because of his blindness.

John Milton was not only a brave revolutionary but also a great poet. His famous poem Paradise Lost(失乐园) was an immediate success. But, for its publication (being published), Milton received only 18 pounds. He died in 1671.

Milton set off for a travel on the continent here “continent” means ________.

A. Asia      B. Europe       C. America    D. Africa

It was ______ who was put in prison in Italy.

   A. Milton    B. the king    C. Galileo      D. Milton’s father

Milton would have been killed if ________________.

   A. he had been the spokesman of the revolution

   B. his books hadn’t been burnt

   C. he hadn’t written the poem Paradise Lost

   D. he hadn’t been completely blind

Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

   A. John Milton was an ordinary poet, who wasn’t interested in politics.

   B. John Milton spent many years traveling around the world.

   C. John Milton wrote the poem Paradise Lost, which was liked by the King.

   D. John Milton was a fearless revolutionary and a famous poet.

Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for—its stadium(运动场)and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2 000 years.

Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22 000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass?covered volcano(火山). Mount Vesuvius had not erupted(喷发)for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.

In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.

For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly,carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20 000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread too, metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread—a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today.

Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eyemakeup.

Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.

1.Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?

A.To visit the volcano.   

B.To shop and eat there.

C.To watch sports and plays.   

D.To see how Pompeiians lived. 

2.Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?

A.The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.

B.The area produced the finest wine in Italy.

C.Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.

D.The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass. 

3.Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?

A.Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.

B.Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.

C.Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.

D.Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.

4.What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2 000 years ago?

A.They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.

B.They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.

C.They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.

D.They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79. 

Some people bring out the best in you in a way that you might never have fully realized on your own. My mom was one of those people.

My father died when I was nine months old, making my mom a single mother at the age of eighteen. While I was growing up, we lived a very hard life. We had little money, but my mom gave me a lot of love. Each night, she sat me on her lap and spoke the words that would change my life, “Kemmons, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life if you work hard enough to get it.”

At fourteen, I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again. Every day, my mother spoke to me in her gentle, loving voice, telling me that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I wanted to badly enough. She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later, I returned to school — walking on my own!

When the Great Depression (大萧条) hit, my mom lost her job. Then I left school to support the both of us. At that moment, I was determined never to be poor again.

Over the years, I experienced various levels of business success. But the real turning point occurred on a vacation I took with my wife and five kids in 1951. I was dissatisfied with the second-class hotels available for families and was angry that they charged an extra $2 for each child. That was too expensive for the average American family. I told my wife that I was going to open a motel (汽车旅馆) for families that would never charge extra for children. There were plenty of doubters at that time.

Not surprisingly, mom was one of my strongest supporters. She worked behind the desk and even designed the room style. As in any business, we experienced a lot of challenges. But with my mother’s words deeply rooted in my soul, I never doubted we would succeed. Fifteen years later, we had the largest hotel system in the world — Holiday Inn. In 1979 my company had 1, 759 inns in more than fifty countries with an income of $ 1 billion a year.

You may not have started out life in the best situation. But if you can find a task in life worth working for and believe in yourself, nothing can stop you.

What Kemmons’ mom often told him during his childhood was ______.

A. encouraging  B. caring              C. moving            D. interesting

According to the author, who played the most important role in making him walk back to school again?    

A. Doctors.          B. Mom.    C. Nurses.            D. Friends.             

What caused Kemmons to start a motel by himself?

A.  His mom’s support.  B. His previous business success of various levels.

C. His terrible experience in the hotel.   D. His wife’s suggestion.

Which of the following best describes Kemmons’ mother?

A. Modest, helpful, and hard-working.    B. Careful, helpful and beautiful.

C. Loving, supportive and strong-willed.  D. Strict, sensitive and supportive.