网址:http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu3_id_3113979[举报]
|
|
|
The history of nomenclature (命名) in Britain is so old that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began, people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning, usually descriptive, rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.
These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. The Irish Gaelic people used descriptive nouns and adjectives which were meaningful. Early in prehistory some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names rather than invent new ones for their children.
With the rise of Christianity (基督教), Christians were encouraged to name their children after the holy people of the church. These early Christian names can be found in many cultures today, in various forms. The pool of names in use in England changed basically after the Norman came in 1066. Then French names of Germanic origin became popular within three generations. As a result names like Emma, Matilda, Richard, and William, became common in English nomenclature. At the same time a few Old English names, like Edward and Alfred remained because they were names of holy people or kings; others were kept because they were used with slight changes by Germanic names from the Normans like Robert.
Surnames developed from bynames, which are additional ones used to differentiate people with the same given name. These bynames fall into particular patterns. These started out as specific to a person and were taken down from father to son between the twelfth and sixteenth century. The noble usually used taken-down surnames early or the peasants did so later.
We can infer from the text that .
A.the first given names had not any actual meanings
B.people probably had names when there was no written language
C.the history of nomenclature is shorter than written history
D.names began to be used long after there was written language
The underlined word “they” (in Para.3) refers to “ ”.
A.Old English names B.other names
C.names of Germanic origin D.names of holy people
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Robert is a Germanic name from the Normans.
B.Church didn’t encourage nomenclature used in the church.
C.Names like Emma and William were the most popular in 1066.
D.Names like Edward and Alfred were French names of Germanic origin.
Give the right order of surname development in history.
(a)People used bynames to differ people with the same given names.
(b)People chose given names from the pool of existing names.
(c)Bynames started out as specific to a person.
(d)Surnames became popular with common people.
(e)Surnames were taken down from father to son in noble families.
A.b-a-e-c-d B.a-b-c-d-e C.a-b-c-e-d D.b-a-c-e-d
Which group of words can best describe the development of British nomenclature?
A.Additional, Particular and Various
B.Meaningful, Christian and Foreign
C.Descriptive, Meaningful and Germanic
D.Old English-styled, Christian and Original
查看习题详情和答案>>语法填空
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
During an 1899 F4 tornado (龙卷风) in Missouri, three people, Miss Moorehouse, Mrs.Webster, and her son were caught up in the storm.They 1 (carry) nearly one mile, but were let down so gently 2 none of the three was seriously injured.Here is Moorehouse's 3 (describe)of her unbelievable flight.
‘‘I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air, and 4 seemed a long time.I seemed to be lifted up, 5 (go) up to a great height.At one time I was far above the church towers, and seemed to be carried to a 6 (distance) place.As I was going through the air, I saw a horse, 7 was a white one and had a harness (马具) on, floating about with me.By the way 8 horse kicked and struggled as it was thrown about, I knew it was alive.I was afraid that it would knock into me, 9 it did not.Finally, I was mercifully landed 10 the ground unharmed, saved by luck.”