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Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of places, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM
1.The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for __________.
A. a middle school teacher B. a college student
C. a senior high student D. a primary school student
2.According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ___________.
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
3.Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
4.When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that _______.
A. the two parts before and after the sign “～”mean the same.
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”.
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says.
D. the two parts before and after “～”are said by two different people.
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Preface to the fourth fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate( 中级的 ) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between
conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example , parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries
references.
In this edition the sign “ ～ ” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “ ＝ ” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We
would also like to thank Professor Egawa of N i hon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM
61. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for __________.
A. a middle school teacher. B. a college student
C. a senior high student. D. a primary school student.
62. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ___________.
A. compares modern English with old English.
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms.
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
63. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “ care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish ” .
D. It ’ s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
64. When you see this line in the book, “ Did you get a ticket ? – Yes, I managed to get one ” , we can understand that _______.
A. the two parts before and after the sign “ ～ ” mean the same.
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “ ～ ” .
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says.
D. the two parts before and after “ ～ ” are said by two different people.
65. In the last paragraph, the authors than several people because _______.
A. they have helped the authors with this edition.
B. they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
C. the authors want to make use of the fames of those people
D. those people will make advertisements for this book
查看习题详情和答案>>Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated（解释）with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational（会话） usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
51. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________.
A. a middle school teacher B. a college student
C. a senior high student D. a primary school student
52. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ________.
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
53. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
54. When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that ________.
A. the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D. the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people
查看习题详情和答案>>The National School Lunch Program
The majority of America’s schools participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which provides low-cost or free lunches to more than 30 million kids a day. Signed into law in 1946 by President Harry S. Truman, the government originally started the program to absorb remaining farm products, while providing meals to school age children.
Any school district or independent nonprofit school participating in the NSLP receives cash and food from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). In turn, the school’s meals must meet national nutrition requirements which are as follows:
No more than 30 percent of the meal’s calories may come from fat. Meals must provide one-third of the recommended protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, iron and calorie intakes.
It is worth noting that many experts feel these national nutrition guidelines are out of date and that some fast food provided by the NSLP isn't much healthier than some fast food. President Obama’s White House chef , for example, states the NSLP meals are high in fat. Parents and nutrition experts alike are calling for a complete review of the program.
Budget Challenges
Providing healthy school lunches within a limited budget is a challenge. Most schools today don’t even have full kitchens due to school lunch budget drops. Food is instead prepared outside or simply heated up and served at the school.
School Lunch Alternatives
Some school districts may find the NSLP unsatisfactory and instead provide other options. For example, the Farm-to-School Program aims to connect schools with local farms. Students can learn about the journey of their food “from farm to fork”, and local products appear in school meals. School gardens also provide opportunities for nutrition education, as well as produce food that can be offered at the school cafeteria. Of course, these programs require money and resources, and it is up to the school district to figure out how to get them.
60. According to the text, the NSLP _________.
A. provides completely free food to children
B. applies to all of America’s schools
C. did not come into force legally until 1946
D. mainly provided school meals when it first started
61. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?
A. Obama’s chef likes NSLP food very much.
B. Food from the NSLP is healthier than fast food.
C. Many parents are worried about the program.
D. The national nutrition guidelines are still good.
62. Sometimes schools prepare food for their students outside because _______.
A. parents asked the schools to do so
B. the government allows the school to do so
C. it is cleaner and healthier than food produced on campus
D. the school lunch budget is limited
63. What can we learn about the Farm-to-School Program?
A. Students can learn a lot from it. B. It is based on a free-of-charge rule.
C. It has replace the NSLP in most places. D. The school cannot buy local products.
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