摘要: 动词不定式的语法作用 动词不定式具有副词.形容词和名词的特征.因此在句中可作状语.定语.宾语.宾语补足语.表语和主语等成份. 1)作主语:不定式做主语强行为动作. To live is to work. To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长了人的生命. 动词不定式作主语时.可以用形式主语it代替.而把动词不定式放在后面.如: It is best to do so. It would be best to tell him the truth. 2)作表语:不定式做表语有两层意思: ①表示将来的行为或很长一时间的任务. ②表示一次性.暂时的.特定时间下的行为. His new job is to teach English. The main thing is to keep our machine from rust. 主要的事情是使我们的机器不生锈. My job today is to look after my grandson at home. 我今天的活是在家照看孙子.. 3)作宾语 I learn to speak Japanese. They decided to begin the experiment at once. 注意:不定式通不能直接作介词宾语.介词之后的不定式要采用wh-word+to do 形式. 例如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 但有两个结构例外.如 be about to do sth. nothing but (to ) do sth.只能做某事. 4)作宾语补足语 I like you to do it this way. Please ask John to turn on the light. 在被动语态的句子中即成为主语补足语.如: We are advised to wait. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class. 5)作定语 动词不定式作定语时.不定式须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面. He said he had an important meeting to attend. The fisherman had nothing to take home that morning. 注意:用作定语的不定式或它修饰的词在语言逻辑上通常是动宾关系.如果不定式是不及物动词.不定式结构后面就应有必要的介词.如: Give me a piece of paper to write on. (=Give me a piece of paper on which I can write.) He is looking for a room to live in. (=He is looking for a room in which he can live.) 另外有些名词常可用不定式作定语.如: Before liberation he had no chance to go to school. Dr Bethune had no time to think about rest. Is that the best way to solve the problem? She was the first to think of the idea. 注意:不定式作定语很少修饰人.但在表人的名词前有序数词, the very , the right, the only 时.不定式可以修饰表人的名词.该句是这样. 6)作状语不定式通常可以做目的状语.原因状语.程度.结果状语. He sat down to have a rest. 他坐下来休息. They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师. He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了. My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放. 在某些形容词作表语.表示喜.怒.哀.乐后跟不定式表示原因.如: I’m very glad to see you. I’m so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 在带有enough或too的句子里.也常用不定式作状语.表示程度. 如:He was too excited to say a few words. He is old enough to go to school. She is too tired to do the job. 注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时.动词不定式可用in order to 或so as to +动词原形. so as to 不用于句首. He got up early in order to catch the first bus. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

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(2)提纲表格式

8

(2010·福建永定湖雷中学高三第一次月考)

阅读下面背景提示,根据提示和所给写作内容用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。

[背景提示]

Earth Hour is a global WWF(World Wildlife Fund)climate change plan. The campaign invites individuals, businesses, governments and communities to turn off their lights from 20:30 to 21:30 on the last Saturday in March every year to show their support for action on climate change. Earth Hour 2009 was held on March 28,2009. More than 3000 cities from 80 countries and areas took part in it.

[写作内容]

你叫李华。最近,你们班同学就“地球一小时”活动展开了一场热烈盼讨论。下表是这次讨论的结果。请你用英语给《中学英语报》主编写一封信,介绍你们班的讨论结果并阐明你自己的观点。

60%的同学支持

40%的同学反对

你的看法

引起人们对全球气候变暖的关注

做秀,意义不大

……

节约能源

收效甚微

全世界共同努力,保护地球

给人们生活,学习和工作带来不便

……

……

注意:1. 字数120左右;

2. 开头结尾已给出,不计人总词数。

参考词汇:做秀一show

不便一inconvenience

Dear Editor,

Last week our class had a heated discussion on Earth Hour.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

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阅读下列各小题,根据汉语句子,用括号内的英语单词完成句子。

1.But for his help, we.                  the program in time.(finish)

要是没有他的帮忙,我们就不可能按时完成这个项目了

2.With          he didn't know what to do next.(arise)

随着很多问题的出现,他不知道下一步该做什么了。

3.              before we take the college entrance examination.(be)

要不了多久我们就要参加高考了。

4.He                   aloud in the study when he heard his father open the door.(pretend)

当他听到爸爸的开门声,他假装在书房大声读书。

5.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble                       the History Museum. (find)

他在这个城市已经呆了一段时间,因此毫不费力就找到了去历史博物馆的路。

6.So           with my work that I haven't had time for social activities.(occupy)

我一直忙于学习,以至于没有时间去参加社交活动。

7.When we went shopping last week, Mary spent            as I did.(much)

我们上周去购物的时候,玛丽花掉的钱只有我花掉的一半。

8.Now that she is out of work, Lucy           to school, but she hasn't decided yet.(consider)

因为Lucy失业了,她一直在考虑重回学校,但还没最后决定。

9.Charlie Chaplin made the people laugh at a time            so they could feel more content with their lives.(depress)

在人们感到沮丧的时候,卓别林可以使他们开怀大笑,于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。

10.It was more important to me to know how  people thought, because that gave me insight into the way                       .( work )

对我来说更重要的是去了解人们的想法是怎样产生的,因为这能让我洞察到与他们最好的合作方式。

 

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完成句子。
阅读下列各小题,根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
1. _____________________ is still a puzzle to us.(lay)
    它们什么时候产的卵对于我们仍然是一个谜.
2. Could you tell me ___________________ on marriage when she was young ?(chance)
    你能告诉我当她年轻的时候为什么拿她的婚姻冒险吗?
3. Where is my English dictionary ? It was here a moment ago. Someone _______ by mistake.(take)
    我的字典在哪?它刚才在这儿的.肯定有人拿错了.
4. This morning, as I was working, a man ______ stepped into my shop and begged me for
    some money.(dress)
   今天早晨,当我正在工作的时候,一个衣衫褴褛的人走进我的商店,向我讨钱.
5. I can't imagine _______________ when they received these Christmas presents.(how)
    我无法想像当收到这些圣诞礼物时,他们多么激动.
6. It's a small informal party among our old classmates-you _________________ .(need)
    这是我们老同学之间的一个小型的非正式的聚会,你不必盛装打扮.
7. Your words made Tom angry yesterday, so you ________________ to him then.(ought)
    昨天你说的话使汤姆生气,那时你应该向他道歉的.
8. Mr. Smith _____________ by teaching ten years ago and he gained much experience from
    his work.(earn)
    史密斯先生十年前靠教书谋生,并且从这个工作中获得很多经验.
9. The girl as well as her classmates _______ the bird outside the window when their teacher
    came in.(stare)
   这个女孩和她的同学正凝视着窗外的那只鸟时,他们的老师走进来了.
10. The fact _____________ learning languages delighted his parents very much.(gift)
     他在语言学习方面有天赋这一事实使他的父母非常高兴.
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