Air is an odorless (无气味的), invisible (看不见的) gas that surrounds the earth. It is everywhere on the planet. An “empty” drinking glass and an “empty” room, to give two examples, are not really empty. Each is filled with air. When the glass is filled with water, the water pushes the air out of the glass.
Air, as a gas, has no definite (明确的) shape, but, because it is matter, it takes up space. It is easy to prove that air is something that takes up space. Stuff a dry handkerchief into the bottom（底部） of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned upside-down. Push the upside-down glass; hold it straight into a jar of water till the glass is completely covered. When the glass is taken out of water, the handkerchief will be dry. The air inside the glass takes up space and keeps the water from coming in.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “Stuff” (in Paragraph 2) mean?

Questions:
A. Do you think people should be decisive in the wild?
B. How to make hunting tools?
C. Do you think people should send an SOS while they are in danger?
D. How to make a fire in the wild?
E. How to set a trap to hunt animals?
F. How to build a shelter in the wild?
【小题1】______
Answer: If you are in a desert environment, try to build an underground shade shelter to avoid prolonged sun exposure, obviously only for hot climates. So you can be more comfortable in cooler temperatures to avoid sweating. If your environment is damp, use branches laid and criss-crossed on top of one another to create a solid and dry foundation for an open bed pad. Raise the foundation above ground level as much as possible.
【小题2】______
Answer: Yes, I think so. For example, if you think the best survival course of action is to look for help and civilization, don’t wait 4 or 5 days before you come to this conclusion. Take action on the 1^st or 2^nd day if possible while you still have strength and endurance working for you.
【小题3】______
Answer: Use dry wood and sticks to start your fire. Fire is started by using three kinds of wood: tinder, kindling, and fuel. Tinder is any kind of flammable wood shavings, usually light and wispy. You can take two pieces of dry wood, sharpen one of them and use it to drill into the other piece. Place any highly flammable objects you can find next to the drill bit. The moment the flammable object catches a spark, use a rock to swiftly tip the object onto a nest of leaves and little branches.
【小题4】______
Answer: Get an ordinary block of wood and hit it with a rock repeatedly until the wood sharpens. In this case, use the rock as your sharpener. You could also take a rock and break off some of the edges and then use another rock and some water like a wet stone and sharpen. In an ideal situation, obsidian stone would be used for its infamous sharpness.
【小题5】______
Answer: Use two more sticks to hold up a “teepee”, similar to your shelter. Place an item of your choice you think an animal will come after, if you’re lucky, the animal will be trapped. Dig a hole in the ground about 2m-3m deep and 1m-2m across. Take two thin branches and place them criss-crossed across the hole. Cover it with leaves and put something the animals like to eat. You can also put a few wooden spikes sharpened by your knife at the bottom. Don’t forget to build a ladder or you might not be able to climb out of the hole.

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. __. There are over eighty of them scattered(分散,撒布) along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “step” pyramid and “ Bent ”pyramid.

Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__ __. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. ___. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. __. Nevertheless(然而), by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build. ____. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.

       A．The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve(保护) the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.

       B．It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the

pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.

       C．The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.

       D．Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.

       E．Many people were killed while building the pyramids.

       F．They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will

continue to stand for thousands of years yet.

       G．It takes workers twenty years to build the Pyramids.

根据下列句子所给汉语意思，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
【小题1】
Grandfather, father and sons belong to three different                 (辈).
【小题2】
After supper many people go to the Central Square just for e              （娱乐）.
【小题3】
---Tom, look at your papers. How did you do your homework?
--Sorry, sir. You have c       me with my twin brother. I’m Jim
【小题4】
Yesterday was our open day. Many children came into our school looking around        (好奇).
【小题5】
Don’t be in such a hurry; you’d better eat a few m_____ of food before you go shopping.
【小题6】
I saw some girls were talking about something in w       . But when I got closer they all ran away.
【小题7】
The painting in the flag of our class r        unity, strength and effort.
【小题8】
As the teacher         (走近) the dormitory of his students, the rooms became quiet.
【小题9】
If bright sunlight is         (聚焦) on dry wood with a glass, it will start burning.
【小题10】
The sports reporter was watching the football match,         (评论) all the time.  

Although man has known asbestos （石棉） for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H.W.Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine．
Mr.Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy． He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands.How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all．You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials． However, because it was very expensive to transport them from Italy to the United States, Mr.Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein（岩脉）, in the province of Quebec in Canada．
Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen．When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be．When it is separated, a strange thing happens: the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres．
Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”．
【小题1】Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage?