摘要： If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as . A. Edinburgh, England, Scotland B. Edinburgh, Scotland, Great Britain C. Scotland, Edinburgh, England D. Great Britain, Scotland, Edinburgh 答案:56-59 ABDB B Thirty- two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellowman? “Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side - walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from a headache? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leakin the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes ? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The researchers started them off on the “tests. Then they went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room and the room into which they went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of bookshelves falling and a cry for help. All of this had been prerecorded on a tape recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were shocked, they sweated, and they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

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