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Dogs can be worried and pessimistic just like people, researchers report in a new study in Current Biology. And they aren’t talking about basset hounds (短脚猎狗): those dogs just look as if they expect the worst.
What the scientists say is that dogs that exhibit anxiety when left home alone by their owners may have bigger problems — they may be in a permanent bad mood.
This pessimistic outlook may not otherwise be easily apparent in a dog’s other characteristics, like running speed or learning ability, the study reports.
Dogs are similar to humans in the role that emotional state plays in decision making, said Michael Mendel, a veterinary scientist at the University of Bristol and the study’s lead author. The study’s researchers looked at 24 dogs in shelters in Britain.
They placed the dogs in isolated settings and observed their reactions — many barked, jumped on furniture and scratched at the door.
Then they placed bowls in two rooms. One bowl contained food, while another was empty. After training the dogs to understand that bowls can sometimes be empty, and sometimes full, they began to place bowls in ambiguous locations.
Dogs that quickly raced to the locations were more optimistic, and in search of food. Those that did not were deemed pessimistic.
The more separation anxiety a dog expressed while in isolation, the more likely the dog was to have a pessimistic reaction, the researchers found.
The study carries an important message for dog owners, Dr. Mendel said.
Dogs that express serious anxiety when alone may need treatment, as it could be a sign of unhappiness and instability.
This passage can be classified as _________.
A. an advertisement B. a feature story
C. a news report D. a book review
In the study, many dogs barked, jumped and scratched because __________.
A. they couldn’t find the bowl with food in it
B. they were left alone
C. they needed to be treated
D. they wanted to be active and optimistic
According to Dr. Mendel, which statement is true?
A. Like humans, dogs are good at decision making.
B. Dog owners should train dogs to find food.
C. Emotional state works sometimes when humans make decision.
D. Dogs can always find the bowl with food quickly.
What can we learn from the passage?
A. Dogs will be optimistic as long as they are left alone.
B. Dogs must be in a permanent bad mood when their owners left.
C. Dogs that express anxiety don’t need treatment.
D. Dogs may easily show their pessimistic outlook in learning ability.
查看习题详情和答案>>There are many dimensions(维) to football's allure（诱惑）and appeal: top-class moves, thrilling goals, majestic star players, thunderous encounters and passionate fans. Football stirs the emotions all over the globe, brings people from contrasting cultures together, and promotes solid virtues such as fairness, team spirit and tolerance. All these facts will emerge in their most intense form at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil next summer.
Millions of people will be transfixed（让…出神）by this unique festival of sport and friendship. We are thoroughly looking forward to football of the highest quality. We're delighted to welcome the biggest names in the sport as well as those nations set to appear at the finals for the first time. And we're looking forward to greeting fans from all over the world as they fill our cities with even more colour and life. A heartfelt welcome to everyone!
Brazil is a cosmopolitan（四海一家的）country with a passion for football. The people will devote themselves to the job of ensuring the 2014 FIFA World Cup is an unforgettable experience, a fact demonstrated by the thousands of ordinary folk who have come forward as volunteers.
Brazil is well prepared to host the FIFA World Cup. We have finished constructing our new, modern stadiums and an outstanding transportation system. The organization is in the enormously capable hands of the Organizing Committee headed by Ronaldo Luiz Nazario de Lima. The slogan "A time to make friends" perfectly describes our intention to ensure everyone delighted in a secure and peaceful festival of football.
The FIFA World Cup is a unique opportunity for Brazil to present herself as a hospitable, joyful and modern nation bursting with ideas. I am convinced that the flames of passion and togetherness engendered by the FIFA World Cup in Brazil will spread to the entire world.
I'm personally looking forward to a festival of goals, excitement and fair play. We Brazilians will be right behind our national team, but our aim is to act as welcoming hosts and friends to every team and their fans. Passionate and cosmopolitan Brazil is delighted to welcome visitors to the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
1.The charm of football includes all except .
A. thrilling goals B. the players
C. violence D. the fans
2.The underlined word “engendered ” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. brought about B. handed over
C. turned into D. passed down
3.In order to host the World Cup ,Brazil ____
A. has organized groups of passionate fans
B. sets up a national team
C. has constructed new , modern stadiums
D. tries to take a friendly disguise
4.This passage can be classified as ____
A. a news report B. a feature story
C. greeting speech D. an advertisement
查看习题详情和答案>>
This brief book is aimed at high school shjeents , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.
Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly bonnk on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.
Only a thied of the bonk remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .to my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.
My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s---none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.
These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.
63. According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to________.
A. gain knowledge and expand one’s view
B. understand the meaning between the lines
C. experts ideas based on what one has read
D. get information and keep it alive in memory
64. The author of the passage insists that learning the arts_________.
A. requires great efforts
B. demands real passion
C. is less natural than learning maths
D. is as natural as learning a language
65. What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?
A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.
B. There is too much discussion on studying science.
C. The style is too serious.
D. It lacks new information.
66. This passage can be classified as________.
A. an advertisement
B. a book review
C. a feature story
D. A news report
查看习题详情和答案>>Its formal, serious style closely matches its content, a school-masterly book on schooling. The author, W. H. Armstrong, starts with the basics: reading and writing. In his opinion, reading doesn't just mean
recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it
into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of him. The goal is to bring the information
back to life, not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees. Reading and writing cannot be
completely separated from each other; in fact, the aim of reading is to express the information you have
got from the text. I've seen it again and again : someone who can't express an idea after reading a text is
just as ineffective as someone who hasn't read it at all.
Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for
studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly and equally,
except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion regarding history. Well, he was a history teacher? if conveyed only a tenth of his passion to his students, that was a
hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across. To my disappointment, in this part of the
book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and
science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it's commonly believed that the arts can only
be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.
My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s-none of the
references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire
computer age.
These are small points, though, and don't affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student
and any teacher, including the self-taught student.
B. expresses ideas based on what one has read
C. understand the meaning between the lines
D. get information and keep it alive in memory
B. demands real passion
C. is less natural than learning math
D. requires great efforts
B. The style is too serious.
C. There is too much discussion.
D. Some ideas are slightly wrong.
B. news report
C. a feature story
D. a book review
(10·湖北C篇)
This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.
Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking in the information,digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.
Only a third of the book remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.
My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.
These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.
63. According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to________.
A. gain knowledge and expand one’s view
B. understand the meaning between the lines
C. experts ideas based on what one has read
D. get information and keep it alive in memory
64. The author of the passage insists that learning the arts_________.
A. requires great efforts
B. demands real passion
C. is less natural than learning maths
D. is as natural as learning a language
65. What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?
A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.
B. There is too much discussion on studying science.
C. The style is too serious.
D. It lacks new information.
66. This passage can be classified as________.
A. an advertisement
B. a book review
C. a feature story
D. A news report
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