A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods; change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at I rvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities（个性）and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says,” we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail （细节）: “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured（人为促生的）memory through leading questions－Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted（灌输）only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

    Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up－parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72．Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A．To improve her computer program.

B．To find out their attitudes towards food.

C．To find out details she can make use of.

D．To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

73．What did Loftus find out from her research?

A．People believe what the computer tells them.

B．People can be led to believe in something false.

C．People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

D．People are not always aware of their personalities.

74．According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _____.

A．learn it is harmful for health

B．lie to themselves that they don’t want it

C．are willing to let doctors control their minds

D．think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75．What is the biggest concern with the method?

A．Whether it is moral.

B．Who it is best for.

C．When it is effective.

D．How it should be used.

What will man be like in the future—in 5000 or even 50, 000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago , was shorter than he is today. Now, on average,  men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modem world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’ s capacity(容量). As time goes on , however , we shall have to use our brains more and more,  and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact , we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’ s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however , our fingers will grow more sensitive（敏感的） because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. …
【小题1】The passage mainly tells us that _______.

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes．To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius （天才） out of a child born with low intelligence．On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment．This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways．

It is easy to say that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with．The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence．Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different．If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other．Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth．

Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments．We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring．We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part．This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence．

By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligence, the writer wants to prove _________．

       A．intelligence is given at birth

       B．intelligence can be developed by environment

       C．intelligence can be developed by experience

       D．education plays an important part in the development of education

A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________．

       A．his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence

       B．he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth

       C．his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food

       D．these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence

The writer of this article believes that _________．

       A．the development of one’s intelligence is determined by many things working together

       B．environment plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

       C．education plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

       D．birth plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

The best title for this passage might be __________．

       A．The Answer to a Question     B．Birth and Environment

      C．Intelligence             D．Intelligence and Education

Are some people born clever，and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely to be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
46. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him______.
A. at birth                      
B. through education
C. both at birth and through education
D. neither at birth nor through education
47. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can______.
A. become a genius
B. still become a genius if he should be given special education
C. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings
D. not reach his intelligence in his life
48. In the second paragraph, the underlined sentence means“if we ___________.”
A. pick any two persons              
B. take out two different persons
C. choose two persons who are relative
D.choose two persons with different intelligence
49. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows______.
A. the importance of their intelligence 
B. the role of environment on intelligence
C. the importance of their positions     
D. the part that birth plays
50. The best title of the passage can be______.
A. Surroundings                          B. Intelligence
C. Dependence on Environment             D. Effect of Education

After gaining my Ph D，_____________________.