We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and don’t do a good job. Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everything you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what you’ve said. Just remember: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together.

60. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should ___________.

A. let his eyes rest on the subject                       B. follow the audience step by step

C. face the audience in a natural way                D. look up and down from time to time

61. During the course of a speech, it is not right for a speaker to ___________.

A. think nothing of the audience                       B. speak in a clear voice

C. take a short stop at times                               D. give a lot of examples

62. What does the underlined word “pause” mean in the passage?

A. listen                             B. stop                         C. choose                     D. search

63. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?

A. How to Remember the Audience

B. How to Pick out the Topic for a Speech

C. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech

D. How to Improve Your Speech

You might say that Barack Obama was elected President of the US because he knows how to give a speech. In 2004, the little-known Obama gave a speech at the Democratic National Convention (民主党全国会议). It was a great speech — poetic, and inspiring. The people who heard it would remember it for a long time.

Since 2004, Obama has written and delivered thousands of speeches. There are usually praised for two reasons: he treats the audiences like intelligent adults, and he is able to express complicated ideas in a straightforward, natural way.

Before becoming President, Obama was a lawyer, a college professor, and a successful writer – his two memoirs (回忆录) have become best sellers. The skills he needed to succeed in his previous jobs have also contributed to his success as a speechmaker.

As a lawyer, Obama learned how to make strong, convincing arguments. As a professor, he learned how to explain complex subjects in ways that helped students understand without boring them. As a writer, he learned how to use languages to have a powerful influence on his audience. A famous American musician even turned one of Obama’s early speeches into a song during the election campaign.

Secret weapons of Obama

Writing team: Obama has a team of people who write his speeches. The writers chat with Obama for hours about what he wants to say. Then listen to recordings of past presidential addresses and seek advice from advisers. Obama usually edits and rewrites the drafts several times.

Make fun of the guests: Obama starts his speech by gently making fun of his guests. His opening lines attract the audience’s attention while giving them an opportunity to relax and laugh at themselves and each other.

Make fun of himself: Obama laughs at his past mistakes and is never afraid of showing them to the public.

Obama delivers speeches to audiences large and small. He can make his audiences laugh or cry. His speeches are always thoughtful, well written and just right for each occasion.

1.The third and fourth paragraph mainly talk about _______.

2.What do we know about Obama’s writing team according to the passage?

3.When delivering a speech, Obama __________.

4.What’s the author’s attitude towards Obama’s speeches?

One afternoon in January in 1998, Susan Sharp, 43, and her 8-year-old son David, were walking across an icy square, when Susan's cane(手杖) slipped on the ice. Her face   36   first into the mud. David   37   her mother's side, “Are you all right, Mom”   38  , Susan pulled herself up, “I'm okay, Honey,” she said.

Susan was falling more   39   since she had trouble walking. Every inch of ice was a   40   danger for her. “I wish I could do something,” the boy thought. David, too, was having   41   of his own. The boy had a speech problem, so at school he talked   42  .

　　One day, David's teacher announced a   43   homework. "Each of you is going to come up with an   44  ," she said. This was for "INVENT AMERICA", a national competition to encourage creativity in children.

　　An idea   45   David one evening. If only his mother's cane didn't slip on the ice. “What if I   46   your cane to a nail coming out of the bottom” he asked his mother.

　　“   47   the sharp end would scratch(划破) floors,” Susan said.

　　“No, Mom, I   48   make it like a ball-point pen. You take your hand off the button and the   49   returns back up.” Hours later the cane was finished. David and his father   50   as Susan used it to walk 50 feet about the   51  . Happily Susan cried out, “It   52   !”

　　In July 1999, David was  53   national winner for the "INVENT AMERICA". David began to make public appearance. Thus he was forced to communicate  54  .Today, David is nearly free of his speech problem, and his   55   is becoming well accepted.

The new principal decided that he’d better first take a secret __36___ before doing something about Class 5A , which was the worst class in Hill Valley High School．He didn’t need to be informed ___37___ the class was , for ___38__were leading the way．

The door was shut from inside．The lock it had was missing , __39__ knocked off , just leaving a ___40___ for the principal．

Though the principal had __41___badly behaved classes before , what appeared through the _42____ was till a shock for him．It was a scene that was ___43__ seen in action films．But he knew what to do．He ___44__ go into the classroom , take hold of the ___45__ boy and punished him．This would be an example to the others．

He took a deep breath and then ___46__ open the classroom door．He had been prepared for the scene that there should be a shock of __47____ , but few treated him as an important ___48__ , and some even paid little attention to his existence．

“ Silence ! ” he shouted at the top of his voice．This time it was really __49____．They stopped what they were doing and stared at him．Quickly he walked up to the __50__ boy in the room , who he __51____had been playing an important part and also had been shouting at the others at the top of his voice．

He seized the boy by the ear and ___52__ him to the front of the class．

“ I’m going to punish you as an example to the rest , ” he said．“ Now go to my office and wait for me．”

Then he turned to the class and ___53__them about how to behave in school．

To __54___ his speech , he said , “ Does anyone have any questions ? ”

One of the students put up her hand．“ Yes , sir．I have．When can you free my __55__ back to continue his class ? ”

In order not to _____ in front of the audience, the speaker spent many hours preparing his speech.

A. lose his faces      B. lose a face          C. lose the face      D. lose face