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Many Americans have been leaving their cars at home and riding to work on bicycles. Andy Clark is the leader of the League of American Bicyclists. His group supports bicycling for fun, fitness and transportation.
Clark says this is good news for the environment. He says riding a bicycle to work does not burn fossil fuel or creates dangerous pollutions. Experts say the effects are the most important on short trips. The Department of Transportation says fifty percent of Americans drive eight kilometers or fewer to work. Shorter car trips set out more pollution into the air for each kilometer drive. This is because the car engine will set out the harmful air when it warms up before it can work well.
James, a members of Congress (国会), is a strong supporter of bicycle use. He says cities, counties, state governments and state highway transportation agencies are planning the roadways of the future. They are creating roads and paths for bicycles in cities and between communities.
Last year, Portland, the Pacific Northwest city in the state of Oregon, had the highest percentage of bicycle users in the United States. Portland has been doing progressive city planning for many years to create special paths for bike riders.
What happened in America now according to the news?
A. Many Americans lost jobs now.
B. Many Americans prefer short trips.
C. There are more and more bicyclists now in America.
D. The pollution is getting worse and worse in America.
Where is Portland?
A. One of the cities in the USA. B. One of the counties in the USA.
C. One of the states in the USA. D. A country in the northwest of the USA.
What does the underlined word “harmful” mean in the second paragraph? The closest meaning is “_______”.
A. polluted B. dangerous C. clean D. foolish
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Many Americans like bike-riding for fun.
B. Short car trips can reduce pollution.
C. American government suggests people riding bicycles.
D. Many Americans ride bicycles to support environment protection.
查看习题详情和答案>>We may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting halfway through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before to the same person. Why do we make such memory mistakes?
According to the research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.
Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to.
They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.
To study the differences between source memory and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50 random(随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students“told”each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's(名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.
When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)．
The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental context (背景)—that is，the person—than was incoming information.
This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.
After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that selffocus is another factor that undermines destination memory.
They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.
“When you start telling these personal facts compared with nonself facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the selffocus component (成分) that's reducing the memory.”Gopie told Live Science.
60．The point of this article is to ________.
A. give advice on how to improve memory
B. say what causes the memory to worsen
C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to
D. discuss the differences between source memory and destination memory
61．What can we learn from the article?
A. Source memory helps us remember who we have told the information to.
B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures perform worse on the memory test.
C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.
D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information.
62．The underlined word“undermines” probably means________.
A. weakens B. benefits
C. explains D. supports
63．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?
A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.
B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.
C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.
D. Selffocus is responsible for the reduction of destination memory.
查看习题详情和答案>>I would rather buy a house in the suburb than ____ in the city.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
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