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Ways to fight the flu

The flu is annoying enough on its own. In order to keep yourself from it, follow these tips.

★Get the flu vaccine(疫苗). It’s the best way to protect yourself against the flu.     1       It also helps the people around you because there’s less chance you will catch the flu and pass it on.

★Wash your hands often. Hand washing is an important way to protect against germs(细菌) like flu viruses.       2     So get in the habit of washing your hands when you come home from school, the mall, or anywhere else where you are around a lot of people.

★      3      Flu viruses travel through the air, so try to stay away from people who look sick. It’s also a good idea to avoid touching your nose, eyes, and mouth –three places flu viruses can easily enter the body.

★Cough or sneeze into a tissue(手巾纸) –not into your hands. That way, you’re not spreading the virus when you touch surfaces that other people may touch too.

★      4       You don’t want to pass your germs to someone else. And staying home is a great excuse to watch your favorite movie, play video games, or read to have a good rest.          5          

You also can fight the flu by getting enough sleep, eating healthy foods, drinking plenty of water, and getting regular exercise.

Don’t let the flu ruin your fall and winter fun. Fight back!

A．Stay home if you have the flu.

B．Keep your distance if someone is sick.

C．Rest can help the body recover faster.

D．Take some medicine as soon as you have the flu.

E. It also helps protect against other germs and illnesses.

F. Getting vaccinated doesn’t just protect your own health.

G. Don’t let the flu fall at one of the most exciting times of the year.

The flu is believed ____by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

    A. causing   B. being caused   C. to be caused   D. to have caused

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Ten ways to Avoid the Flu

l Get a flu shot, particularly if you are 50 or over． In addition, consider a flu shot if you are in regular contact with many people, especially if you live in a dormitory or work in an open-plan office, where hundreds of people are coughing and sneezing in a common area．

l _1. One recent study found that families whose children in daycare were immunized had 42% fewer infections with fever than those whose children weren’t immunized．

l Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly． A quick washing won’t do the trick． _2.

l Keep your hands away from your face to reduce the chance of delivering viruses directly to your eyes or nose． _3.

l Make certain you’re getting vitamin E and other complex vitamins and minerals including A, C and     B． These have properties（特性）that improve immune response． _4.

l Don’t smoke． Smoke stops the hair like cells in the nose and airways from sweeping incoming viruses away before they can infect people．

l Use paper handkerchiefs, not cloth handkerchiefs to reduce spread of infection．

l Reduce stress． Research has shown that immune responses are weakened by stress．

l Get seven to nine hours of sleep a night． Lack of sleep can reduce your immune response．

l _5. Longtime heavy drinkers suffer from more colds and flu than others do, and even regular moderate use of alcohol can weaken immune response．

E. Discuss with your doctor whether to immunize（使免疫）your children in daycare．;

F. Studies on older mice have shown that those with reduced levels of vitamin E were more likely to be infected．

Reduce alcohol consumption（消费量）．

Did you get a flu shot this year? For the first time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children ages 6 months through 18 years receive the flu vaccine.

Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. A weakened form of the germ is introduced into the body. The body makes special substances called antibodies to fight the germs. If the actual germs were to attack, the antibodies would fight them.

Because there are many kinds of flu viruses, scientists must create a new vaccine formula (配方) each year. Researchers must make a prediction.

“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles(麻疹) vaccine,” says Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

“It’s not a great vaccine, but it is quite a good vaccine.”

But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone. There are certain people who should be careful about taking it. Because the vaccine is produced from eggs, those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it. If you have a fever, you should wait until you recover.

Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot. Scientist say that it is not possible, because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated (灭活的). But some minor side effects such as low-grade fever and body aches could occur. If they do, they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.

60. What is an antibody?

A. An antibody is a vaccine formula

B. An antibody is a germ that is introduced into the body

C. An antibody is a vaccine that fights diseases.

D. An antibody is a special substance to fight germs.

61. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Not everyone is suitable for the flu vaccine.

B. The flu vaccine is not so effective as the measles vaccine

C. Flu viruses create new vaccine formulas each year.

D. People can’t take the flu vaccine at anytime.

62. It can be inferred from the text that _____.

A. scientists should change the vaccine formula each year

B. vaccines can battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses

C. all children ages 6 months through 18 years can receive the flu vaccine

D. scientists are responsible for the side effects of the flu vaccine

63. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. The flu vaccine        B. Side effects of the flu vaccine

C. How to prevent the flu  D. Not everyone can get the flu shot

People across America are lining up at doctor’s offices, hospitals, and even shopping streets hoping to receive a flu shot .However, many of them have returned home without one. 
This year’s flu season is starting early and it’s already spreading quickly .Officials said that the flu has now spread to 50states.That’s why the flu shot isn’t easy to find.
Help will soon be on its way .A manufacturer of the  will ship 100,000 doses for adults, and 150,000for children soon. Although this could be one of the worst flu outbreaks in years, experts say that the flu is not a very serious disease for most people.
“We don’t need to fear or worry that something very bad will happen,” said the director of Centers for Disease control and Prevention.” Most of us will get through this fine.”