完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Summer is the best time on the Island of the Blue Dolphins (海豚). The sun is warm then and the winds blow out of the west,   16  out of the south.

It was   17  these days that the ship might return and now I   18 most of my time on the rock,   19  out from the headland（水中凸起的陆地） into the east, towards the country  20  my people had gone, across the   21  that was never-ending.

Once  22  I watched, I saw a small object which I took to be the ship, but a stream of water   23  from it and I knew that it was whale (鲸鱼)spouting (喷水). During those summer days I saw nothing   24 .

The first storm of winter   25  my hopes. If the white men's ship were   26     for me it would have come during the time of good   27 . Now I would have to wait  28  winter was gone, maybe longer.

The thought of being   29  on the island while so many suns rose   30  the sea and went   31  back into the sea   32  my heart with loneliness. I had not felt so  33  before because I was sure   34  the ship would return as Matasaip had said   35  would. Now my hopes were dead.

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown． They probably came about just to give children something to do．

　　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another． In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers． This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．

　　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same． The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing． In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的） peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared． Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings． Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use． The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）． The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness． Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．

1.Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?

         A． Scientific advances and technological progress

         B． Different local customs and lifestyles of different peoples

         C． Craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology

         D． The artistic tastes of the times and the limitations of available materials

2.Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys?

         A． Because they are intended for different social roles and responsibilities．

         B． Because boys like to invent and girls imitate．

         C． Because boys play with their fathers while girls their mothers．

         D． Because they will take up different jobs when they grow up．

3.One amazing aspect about the “universality of toys” is______．

         A． They appeared all over the world almost at the same time in history．

         B． They have not changed except in craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．

         C． Having existed for thousands of years, toys are still found all over the world today．

         D． They are a kind of art form, which has been promoted by inventiveness．

阅读理解

　　In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world．The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teacher's and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. He has to decide which adults are approachable; good, schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available -- but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.

　　Adults often forget what a confusing pictures school can offer to a child．He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people -- of ten rather frightening looking people -- and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. The school will rightly expect the pupils to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.

(1)According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ________.

[　　]

A．they are taught by many different teachers

B．they do not attend lessons in every subject

C．the teachers do not want to be friendly

D．the teachers give most attention to the more academic pupils

(2)After becoming a pupil in secondary schools, the pupil begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he ________.

[　　]

A．is told by his teachers to behave so

B．is not accustomed to the life in the secondary school

C．realizes the secondary school life requires him to act so

D．suffers from the pressures of school work

(3)In secondary schools every pupil having problems should first ________.

A．know how to ask for help

B．be freed from any pressure of academic work

C．be able to discuss his problems in class

D．be able to discuss his problems with any teacher

(4)According to the passage _______.

A．the author doubts whether the actual situation in the secondary school can encourage pupils to ask for help

B．to judge whether a secondary school is good or not depends on what guidance and personal help it can offer

C．adults tend to think that children are able to deal with everything in school with ease

D．the school offers pupils nothing but confusion

(5)In this passage about secondary schools, the author is mainly concerned about 

A．academic standards

B．the role of specialist teachers

C．the training of the individual teachers

D．the personal development of pupils

Never before had I imagined I should have the opportunity to live with so many girls．Would  they 　36　such a single “Hi” from me? I was about to greet my new roommates，　37　they did  not seem to have the same 　38　attention that I had．They just dealt with their own 　39　， sorting out their clothes，and making arrangements for their university life．Thus tranquility（宁静）
became the 　40　atmosphere in the dormitory．
To my surprise，　41　such a situation，I did not feel a sense of 　42　．With time going on，we got to know each other deeper．I was　43　to find that in deep soul we all had great dreams and belonged to the same　44　．
However，not long before the 　45 　was disturbed by my own upset of mind for study pressure．What I was　46　about seemed to have 　47　to do with them and what they were doing and talking about seemed so far away from me．However，one incident changed my 　48　and made me treasure this kind of 　49　better and more confident in our friendship．
One day，when I was leaving the teachers’ office，it was in complete silence and frightening 　50　．At my dormitory gate，I was startled （使惊奇）to find there still 　51 　a little light glimmering in the darkness，so faint but yet so clear．Just under the 　52　of the light，I went to the room without any difficulty．They were in sound sleep，leaving the 　53　light on in the calm world．Tears rolled down my cheeks．
I know 　54　that we all like tranquility，both in environment and in our mind．It is the care that 　55　all the misunderstandings and unpleasantness．

阅读理解

　　Old Americans are separating into two classes. Retirement can be either heaven or hell. “I do believe on the whole the retirees(退休者)of tomorrow will be wealthier and healthier than the same group of 30 years of age.” says Robert Friedland, director of the National Academy on Ageing, “But that's only part of the picture. There's also a large group whose household income(收入)hasn't been growing very much. For them the future is unhappy. ”

　　“Nature is not always kind. ”says Dr. Robert Butler, an expert in medical care of old people, who was a founding director of the National Institute on Ageing. “The relationship between socio-economic position and life expectancy(估计寿命)has been known for a long time. Race (种族)is also connected. And education is powerful, too in lengthening life.”

　　“The reality is that poor people get sick easily as they age because they live in duty neighborhoods and have dirty jobs, they are left unprotected(保护)from environmental pollution(环境污染), and the pressure of being poor wears down people's health.” according to Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, which studies health problems .

　　“Cigarette smoking has a great effect because it is more common in lower socio-economic groups. ” says Elizabeth Whelan, president of the American Council on Science and Health, “If you live in a state of hopelessness and helplessness and don't think about the future, you are more likely to take up life-threatening habits.”

　　“Race and income have large effects on death. ” a team of researchers reported in the New English Journal of Medicine in 1996, after researching on 24 million whites and 2.1 million blacks.

　　With the exception of black women, the highest income group had the lowest death rates and the lowest income group had the highest death rates regardless of race . For black women there was no consistent pattern across income group.

1．The sentence “ Retirement can be either heaven or hell . ” means ________.

[　　]

A．If a man is out of work, he or she will feel unhappy.

B．If an American retires from his job ( post), he or she will lead a miserable life.

C．Old people in America have to choose a life style.

D．Some old people in America lead a hard life, or others may lead a happy life.

2．According to Dr. Robert Butler's opinion, ________ plays the most important role in people's life expectancy.

[　　]

3．The reason why poor people are more likely to get ill as they grow old is that ________.

[　　]

A．they live in the countryside

B．they work with their hands

C．their families are too large

D．they suffer a lot from being poor

4．What Elizabeth Whelan says means that ________.

[　　]

A．smoking makes people poor and hopeless

B．smoking is popular among poor people

C．poor people should give up smoking

D．rich people in America never smoke

5．Which is the best title for the story?

[　　]

A．Terrible life leads to short expectancy .

B．Income differences produce life expectancy .

C．The life expectancy can be decided by race.

D．Americans don't like to retire .