D
When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures.  These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners.  These differences can create problems.
For example, in France, business meetings begin immediately at the scheduled time and everyone is expected to be there.   Foreign business people who are slow in acting are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness（准时）. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.
A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions(货币兑换).  For example, if a trade is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles.  Of course, this particular type of money used in Russia is of little value to the American firm.  It is, therefore, necessary to exchange the foreign money to American dollars.  How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars?  This exchange rate is determined by every market, where the money of countries are bought and sold.   Thus there is an established rate, although it is often different from day to day.  For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia.  In addition, there is the problem associated with exchange at 0.72.  Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week.   As a result, exchange may finally come at 0.69.   These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.
A third unique problem is trade barriers.  For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders.  Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.  For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained.  Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import.  Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.
76. The best title for the passage would be ___.
A. How to Succeed in International Trade
B. Monetary Conversion
C. Trade Barriers
D. Unique Problems in International Trade
77. In France, slow business people ___.
A. are often insulted
B. often suffer from coldness
C. are often left outdoors waiting
D. are often asked to polish their shoes
78. According to the passage, exchange rates ___.
A. seldom change
B. are determined by financial institutions
C. are agreed upon by two trading countries
D. vary from day to day
79. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Misunderstanding may occur because of the culture differences.
B. Exchange rate can bring losses when doing international trade.
C. Most trade barriers are designed to restrict import.
D. All the exports must get the permission of the government.   .

D

When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures.  These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners.  These differences can create problems.

For example, in France, business meetings begin immediately at the scheduled time and everyone is expected to be there.   Foreign business people who are slow in acting are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness（准时）. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.

A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions(货币兑换).  For example, if a trade is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles.  Of course, this particular type of money used in Russia is of little value to the American firm.  It is, therefore, necessary to exchange the foreign money to American dollars.  How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars?  This exchange rate is determined by every market, where the money of countries are bought and sold.   Thus there is an established rate, although it is often different from day to day.  For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia.  In addition, there is the problem associated with exchange at 0.72.  Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week.   As a result, exchange may finally come at 0.69.   These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.

A third unique problem is trade barriers.  For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders.  Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.  For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained.  Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import.  Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.

76. The best title for the passage would be ___.

A. How to Succeed in International Trade

B. Monetary Conversion

C. Trade Barriers

D. Unique Problems in International Trade

77. In France, slow business people ___.

A. are often insulted

B. often suffer from coldness

C. are often left outdoors waiting

D. are often asked to polish their shoes

78. According to the passage, exchange rates ___.

A. seldom change

B. are determined by financial institutions

C. are agreed upon by two trading countries

D. vary from day to day

79. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. Misunderstanding may occur because of the culture differences.

B. Exchange rate can bring losses when doing international trade.

C. Most trade barriers are designed to restrict import.

D. All the exports must get the permission of the government.   .

B

   As people slowly learn to cure diseases, control floods, prevent hunger, and stop wars, fewer people die every year. As a result, the population of the world is becoming larger. In 1925 there were about 2 billion people in the world; today there are over 6 billion.

   When the number rises, extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under development, or land already farmed must be made to produce more crops. In some areas the land is so over-developed that it will be difficult to make it provide more crops. In some areas the population is so large that the land is divided into too tiny units to make improvement possible with farming methods. If a large part of this farming population went into industrial work, the land might be farmed much more productively (多产地) with modern methods.

    There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New types of crops, which will grow well in bad weather, are being developed, so there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America. Irrigation (灌溉) and dry-farming methods bring poor lands under the plough. Dams hold back the waters of great rivers, which can provide water for the fields in all seasons and provide electric power for new industries. Industrial chemistry provides fertilizer to suit different soils. Every year, some new methods are made to increase or to protect the food of the world.

56. The author says that the world population is increasing because _____.

    A. there are many rich valleys and large fields

    B. farmers are producing more crops than before

    C. people are living longer due to better living conditions

    D. new lands are being made into farmlands

57. The author says that in areas with large populations, land might be more productively farmed if _____.

   A. the land was divided into smaller pieces

   B. people moved into the countryside

   C. industrial methods were used in farming

   D. the units of land were much larger

58. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.

   A. growing new types of crops

   B. irrigation and dry-farming means

   C. providing fertilizers 

   D. destroying pests and diseases

59. Why is the land divided into tiny units in some areas?

   A. There are too many people living there.

   B. It saves more natural resources there. 

   C. It prevents crops from serious diseases there.

   D. Farmers can grow various kinds of crops there.

60. Why do some people use dams to hold back waters from great rivers?

   A. To develop a new kind of dry-farming methods.       

   B. To prevent crops from floods.

   C. To provide water and electricity in all seasons.          

   D. To water poor lands in bad weather.

D

    When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures.  These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners.   These differences can create problems.

    For example, in France, business meetings begin immediately at the scheduled time and everyone is expected to be there.    Foreign business people who are slow in acting are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness（准时）. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.

    A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions(货币兑换).  For example, if a trade is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles.   Of course, this particular type of money used in Russia is of little value to the American firm.  It is, therefore, necessary to exchange the foreign money to American dollars.   How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars?   This exchange rate is determined by every market, where the money of countries are bought and sold.    Thus there is an established rate, although it is often different from day to day.   For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia.   In addition, there is the problem associated with exchange at 0.72.   Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week.    As a result, exchange may finally come at 0.69.    These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.

    A third unique problem is trade barriers.   For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders.  Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.  For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained.   Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import.  Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.

76. The best title for the passage would be ___.

   A. How to Succeed in International Trade

   B. Monetary Conversion

   C. Trade Barriers

   D. Unique Problems in International Trade

77. In France, slow business people ___.

   A. are often insulted

   B. often suffer from coldness

   C. are often left outdoors waiting

   D. are often asked to polish their shoes

78. According to the passage, exchange rates ___.

   A. seldom change

   B. are determined by financial institutions

   C. are agreed upon by two trading countries

   D. vary from day to day

79. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

   A. Misunderstanding may occur because of the culture differences.

   B. Exchange rate can bring losses when doing international trade.

   C. Most trade barriers are designed to restrict import.

   D. All the exports must get the permission of the government.   .

                                           B

As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

    Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight, Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms（生物体）to be affected are either plants or plankton(浮游生物). But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.

　　Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage（下水道污物）and industrial waste. As more detergent（洗涤剂）is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water-proof (防水). Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead.

　　So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

70. Pollution of water is noticed________.

　　A. when the first organisms are affected　     

B. when a good many fish and birds die

　　C. when poisonous things are poured into water　

D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed

71.The living things die because there is no ________in the lake or river.

　　A. water　　　　　            B. fish            　 C. poison　　　　　   D. oxygen

72. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?

　　A. Organisms               　B. Plants and plankton in the water

　　C. Waste water from cleaning    D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water

73. The way to stop water pollution is to________.

　　A. realize the serious situation clearly

　　B. put oxygen into the river

　　C. make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water

　　D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish