阅读理解

　　Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behaviour call sometimes be irritating(恼人的). If they get excited or upset, then they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not to get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary. At the same time it is also important that you don't make them feel like children.

　　Failing memory makes it very difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. The information has to be constantly repeated to make up for the poor memory. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward(易懂的).

　　Confused old people need aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use and refer to reminder boards or diaries for important forthcoming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers.

1．Elderly people will be most cooperative when _____.

[　　]

A．they are in good health

B．they are encouraged

C．they are taken best care of

D．they are not excited or upset

2．According to the passage, elderly people are difficult to look after for _____.

[　　]

A．their behaviour sometimes easy be irritating

B．you should always encourage them as much as possible

C．they need a environment which is calm and unhurried

D．they don't like to be treated as children

3．One can help memory failing old people by _____.

[　　]

A．providing plain and straightforward information

B．continuously repeating until they remember

C．supplying detailed information

D．making things sensible

4．Visual aids can help elderly people by _____.

[　　]

A．clearing up their confused mind

B．improving their understanding of the basic things in life

C．making up for their poor memory

D．making things easier for them to see

阅读理解

　　Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behaviour call sometimes be irritating(恼人的). If they get excited or upset, then they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not to get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary. At the same time it is also important that you don't make them feel like children.

　　Failing memory makes it very difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. The information has to be constantly repeated to make up for the poor memory. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward(易懂的).

　　Confused old people need aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use and refer to reminder boards or diaries for important forthcoming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers.

1．Elderly people will be most cooperative when _____.

[　　]

A．they are in good health

B．they are encouraged

C．they are taken best care of

D．they are not excited or upset

2．According to the passage, elderly people are difficult to look after for _____.

[　　]

A．their behaviour sometimes easy be irritating

B．you should always encourage them as much as possible

C．they need a environment which is calm and unhurried

D．they don't like to be treated as children

3．One can help memory failing old people by _____.

[　　]

A．providing plain and straightforward information

B．continuously repeating until they remember

C．supplying detailed information

D．making things sensible

4．Visual aids can help elderly people by _____.

[　　]

A．clearing up their confused mind

B．improving their understanding of the basic things in life

C．making up for their poor memory

D．making things easier for them to see

“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “ Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/
　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
【小题1】The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”

　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard.  “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/

　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.

　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”

1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

　　A. it enables us to recall something from our memory

　　B. it slows down the process of losing our memory

　　C. it helps us understand our memory system better

　　D. it helps us to get back to where we were

2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.

　　A. they rely more on the environment

　　B. they have a wider range of interests

　　C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

　　D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them

3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.

　　A. It will easily get lost

　　B. It is out of your sight

　　C. It’s not clear enough for you to read

　　D. It might get mixed up with other things

4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.

　　A. repetition might help improve our memory

　　B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment

　　C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things

　　D. we should think about something else while doing one thing

5.The passage is mainly about ________.

　　A. the memory system of persons

　　B. a way of encoding and recalling

　　C. the causes of absent-mindedness

　　D. the impression of the environment on memory

阅读理解

　　Most episode (情况) of absent-mindedness—forgetting who you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded (译成密码) it deeply.”

　　Encoding. Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact (影响) on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation. you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜) . “You memory itself isn't failing you. ”says Schacter, “Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.”

　　Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics (数据) from 30 years ago. ”says Zelinski . “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.

　　“Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness.” says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with hunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table. Don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Anther common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone dose this from time to time.” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

1．We can learn from the passage that encoding

[　　]

A．slows down the process of losing our memories

B．helps us understand our memory system better

C．gets us to recall something from our memories

D．helps us to find out the mobile phone in the pocket

2．Why do women have better memories than men?

[　　]

A．They seldom use their mobile phones.

B．They are more nervous about the environment.

C．They are more interested in what's happening around them.

D．They usually take same special medicine to improve memories.

3．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means

[　　]

A．putting something in sight can be a good reminder

B．people of absent-mindedness must take medicine with them

C．a note in the pocket will easily get lost

D．taking medicine can get rid of absent-mindedness

4．What can be the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．The Cause of Absent-mindedness.

B．The Environment and Memory.

C．A Way of Encoding and Recalling.

D．The Process of Gradual Memory Loss.