In general, people talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Researchers in psychology think that there are also two groups of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors.

The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Sociable people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colors are green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue.

Red may be exciting, but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He suggests that a warm color, such as red or orange is a good color for a living room or restaurant. People who are relaxing or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colors are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.

Researchers do not know why people think some colors are warm and other colors are cool. How ever, almost everyone agrees that red, orange, and yellow are warm and that green, blue, and violet are cool. Perhaps warm colors remind people of warm days and the cool colors remind them of cool days. Because in the north the sun is higher during summer, the hot summer sunlight appears yellow.

Which of the following colors belong to cool colors?

A．Yellow, green.　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Blue, violet.

C．Black, blue.　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．Brown, white.

Which of the following statements is not true?

A．Sociable people like warm colors.

B．Warm colors can make people excited.

C．People who like to be with others don't like red.

D．Where there are warm colors, people want to be active.

Which is the right color for different rooms?

A．Red or orange for offices.　　　　　 B．Orange for dining-rooms.

C．Blue for bedrooms.　　　　　　　　　 D．Red for studies.

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．It shows the reason why people think some colors are warm and others are cool.

B． Warm colors remind people of warm days.

C．Cool colors remind people of cool days.

D．People have an agreeable opinion of warm colors and cool colors.

In general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological reactions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.
But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).
Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.
Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
【小题1】When talking about people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred in the passage?

A．They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.

B．They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.

C．They prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.

D．They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.

In general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological reactions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.

But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).

Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.

Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.

1.When talking about people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred in the passage?

A.      They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.

B.      They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.

C.      They prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.

D.      They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.

2.What did Glass and Singer find in their noise experiment?

A.      Problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.

B.      Physiological reactions prevent the ability to work.

C.      Bursts of noise hardly disturb problem-solving in the long term.

D.      The physiological reactions of the control subjects declined quickly.

3.Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to affect the __________.

A.      successful performance of a single task

B.      tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers

C.      ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines

D.      ability to monitor three dials at once

4. What does “take its toll on performance” in the passage probably mean?

      A. Destroy the performance completely. 

     B. Have a negative effect on the performance.   

C. Improve the performance greatly.      

D. Have a positive influence on the performance.

In general , people talk about two groups of colours : warm colours and cool colours . 　1 in psychology think that there are also two 　2　 of people : people who prefer warm colours and people who prefer cool colours .

The warm colours are red , orange and yellow . 　3 there are warm colors and a lot of light ,people　 usually want to be 　 4 . People think that red , 　 5　 , is exciting . People who like to be with 　 6 like red . The cool colours are green , blue and violet . These colours 　 7 warm colours, are . 8　 . Where there are cool colors , people are usually 　 9　 . People spend time 10 often 　11 blue。

Red may be exciting , but one researcher says that time seems to pass 　12 in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors . He thinks that a warm color , such as red 　13　 orange , is a good color for a (an) 　14　 or restaurant . People who are relaxing or eating do not want time to pass 　15　 　. Cool colors are better for offices of factories if people who are working there want time to pass quickly .

Researchers do not know 　16　 people think some colors are warm and others are cool . 　17　 , almost everyone 　18　 that red , orange and yellow are warm and that green , blue and violet are cool. Perhaps warm colors 　19　 people of warm days and the cool colors remind them of cool days . Because in the north the sun is low during winter , the sunshine seems quite . Because the sun is higher during summer ,the hot sunshine 　 20　 yellow .

1. A. Teachers　　 B. Researchers　　　 C. Workers　　　 D. Managers

2. A. groups　　　 B. dozens　　　　　 C. couples　　　 D. classes

3. A. That　　　　 B. If　　　　　　　 C. Whether　　 D. Where

4. A. happy　　　　 B. active　　　　　 C. quiet　　　 　 D. hopeless

5. A. such as　　　 B. as it is　　　　　 C. for example　 D. that’s to say

6. A. colors　　　　 B. children　　　　 C. others　　　　 D. grown-ups

7. A. for example　 B. unlike　　　　　 C. such as　　　 D. as we say

8. A. relaxing　　　 B. cool　　　　　　 C. warm　　　　 D. active

9. A. happy　　　　 B. quiet　　　　　　 C. warm　　　　 D. welcome

10.A.alone　　　　 B. wholly　　　　　 C. much　　　　 D. together with others

11.A.like　　　　　 B. care for　　　　　 C. prefer　　　　 D. spend

12.A.too slow　　　 B. faster　　　　　　 C. quickly　　　 D. more slowly

13.A.like　　　　　 B. and　　　　　　 C. or　　　　　 D. as

14.A.living room　　 B. office　　　　　 C. away　　　　 D. by

15.A.slow　　　　 B. quickly　 　　　　C. away　　　　 D. more slowly

16.A.if　　　　　 B. that　　　　　　　 C. why　　　　 D. whether

17.A.And　　　　 B. But　　　　　　　 C. Think　　　 D. However

18.A.thinks　　　　 B. guesses　　　　　 C. agrees　　　 D. likes

19.A.remind　　　 B. tell　　　　　　　 C. give　　　　 D. make

20.A.looks　　　　 B. appears　　　　　 C. seems　　　 D. is

In general, ________ the weather is hot and dry, the house is usually made of clay bricks．

1. A.
   as if
2. B.
   whether
3. C.
   where
4. D.
   even if