Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

      A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong , men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses .It is ,therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together ,go to school together ,and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.

     Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development .Regular contact （接触）can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships .Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality（同性恋）,though there is no proof that this is the case.

     Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side .Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers .They want their children to be attentive to their studies .Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.

     A stronger argument comes from research into school results .Girls grow up earlier than boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages .In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker .Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed （惊动）the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes .In the UK the best schools are all single-sex ,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer .This may ,however ,not be as simple as it looks .It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex ,rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

72.In the third paragraph ,by saying “though there is no proof that this is the case” ,the writer means that___

    A.students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

    B.students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

    C.students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

    D.single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students.

73.All the following arguments can be found in the passage EXCEPT that       .

    A.co-education can produce a society-like situation

    B.co-educational schools may lead to love affairs between boys and girls

    C.co-education will help develop a better understanding about the opposite sex

    D.co-education can make boys perform well in mixed classes

74.Alarmed by the situation ,the UK government encourages        .

A.co-education                                                       

B.single-sex education

    C.single-sex classes in co-educational schools       

    D.co-educational classes in single-sex schools

75.At the end of the passage the writer suggests that        .

    A.single-sex schools are the best schools in the UK

    B.being single-sex does not necessarily make a school better

    C.co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal development

    D.because boys cannot compete with girls in study ,they go to single-sex schools

Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched. Do you?

A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.

Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.

It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.

The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.

According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?

A. He does not want to be shamed by others.

B. He needs to show he is a good person.

C. He desires others to like him more.

D. He feels he will receive some social reward.

What is the text mainly about?

A. It describes changed behaviour when observed.

      B. It details ways to control people's behaviour.

       C. It tells how to make people work harder.

      D. It discusses different advertising methods.

Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?

       A. In a newspaper.              

B. In a scientific journal.

       C. In an advertising magazine.         

D. In a science textbook.

Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you．

   The clock, called SteepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits ____（36） you to be in your lightest phase of sleep ____（37） rousing you．Its makers say that should ______（38） you wake up feeling refreshed every morning．As you sleep you pass____（39） a sequence of sleep states---light sleep, deep sleep and REM（rapid eye movement） sleep---that ____（40） approximately every 90 minutes．The point in that cycle at which you wake can ____（41） how you feel later, and may ____（42） have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept．Being roused during a light phase ____（43） you are more likely to wake up energetic．

     SleepSmart ____（44） the distinct pattern of brain waves _____（45） during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped _____（46） electrodes and a microprocessor．This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the ____（47） way as some machines used for medical and research ____（48）, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed．You ____（49） the clock with the latest time at _____（50） you want to be wakened, and it _____（51） duly wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that．

     The _____（52） was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island ____（53） a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test．“_____（54） sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of _____（55） to do about it．” Says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by students to develop their idea．

Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels（分贝）measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A. The man-made noises.                B. The noises made by themselves.

C. The sound of earthquakes.             D. The sound of the ice-breaking.

Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A. Different places with different types of noises.

B. The very human ears sensitive to all types of noises.

C. The ocean animals' reaction to noises.

D. The same noise measured differently on land and in the ocean.

We can know from the passage that many researchers think that the noise limit of one hundred twenty decibels would _____.

A. prevent them from doing their research work

B. benefit them a lot in their research work

C. do good to their health                 

D. increase the industrial output

According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A. They will try their best to decrease noise.

B. They will work hard to cut down noise pollution.

C. They will study the effect of different noises.

D. They will protect animals from harmful noises.

On the outside Betsy Lueth’s school looks like any other in Minneapolis. Yet inside, it is

Yinghua Academy, a public school where elementary（小学）students study subjects ranging from

math to American history in Chinese.

    Yinghua, the first such immersion（沉浸式）program in the Midwest is on the leading edge (前沿) of a movement that in recent years has seen Chinese language programs spread rapidly throughout the U.S.

The idea behind Yinghua is to introduce kids to the language and culture as early as possible —ideally, before age 12. Kindergarteners and first graders are taught in Chinese and a single period of English is introduced in second grade. By sixth grade, kids are learning half in English and half in Chinese, with the expectation of fluency in both. In Yinghua’s classrooms, the walls are covered not with ABCs but with pictures and Chinese characters.

There are many challenges at Yinghua. Most teachers come from Taiwan or mainland China, and cultural misunderstandings are very common. Lueth’s teachers are learning to be tolerant of local customs — as well as a lot more parental input (家长看法) than they are used to. “In China, teachers are respected. They are not questioned,” says Luyi Lien, Yinghua’s Taiwan-born director. “In America, parents are more expressive of their opinions.”

Research has shown that in the long run, immersion programs can provide benefits, including more flexible, creative thinking. Though students from the programs fall behind for a few years in English, by fifth grade they perform as well as or better than their monolingual（单语言）peers on standardized reading and math tests. For multicultural families, the psychological (心理上的) help can also be important. Lueth, a former teacher, co-founded the school as a way to expose her adopted Chinese daughter Lucy to her native culture. Lucy used to be annoyed when cousins asked why her skin color was different from theirs; before she started at Yinghua, she resisted exploring anything related to China. Now, Lueth says, Lucy proudly answers her cousins, “Yeah, I was born in China.”

Yinghua is different from other schools in Minneapolis in the way that_________.

    A．it offers subjects to students mostly in Chinese

    B．its language program is popular in the U.S.A

    C．kids there begin to learn Chinese at the age of 12

    D．its students learn subjects half in English and half in Chinese

．One of the challenges at Yinghua is that_________.

    A．most parents do not respect its teachers

    B．teachers need to get used to the local culture

    C．its students are mostly from nontraditional families

    D．there is misunderstanding between teachers and students

We can learn from the last paragraph that immersion program _________.

    A．enables students pass tests more easily

    B．benefits students in learning psychology

    C．helps some students accept the local customs

    D．contributes to the better development of students

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    A．Teachers in Yinghua have difficulty in understanding the local culture.

    B．Parents are discouraged to speak out their opinions of the school in Yinghua.

    C．The students in Yinghua are expected to speak English and Chinese fluently.

    D．Yinghua is the first school in the USA to introduce Chinese culture to students.