_______ be chosen as captain of the team?

_______ be chosen as captain of the team?

_______ be chosen as captain of the team?

1. A.
   Whom do you suggest that
2. B.
   Do you suggest whom
3. C.
   Who do you suggest
4. D.
   Do you suggest who should

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.
Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

1. 1.

   If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.

   1. A.
      the Trade Unions and the Personnel Department
   2. B.
      the Personnel Department and the Accounts Department
   3. C.
      the employees and the Trade Unions.
   4. D.
      the employers and the Trade Unions
2. 2.

   What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?

   1. A.
      They are plans in which much payment is encouraged.
   2. B.
      They are encouraging money schedules
   3. C.
      They are pay systems
   4. D.
      They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid.
3. 3.

   Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.

   1. A.
      their work is not important
   2. B.
      they have low wages
   3. C.
      the measurement of their work is difficult
   4. D.
      the company does not have enough money
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

   1. A.
      In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries.
   2. B.
      Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system.
   3. C.
      If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too.
   4. D.
      An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work.
5. 5.

   The main purpose of the passage is to________.

   1. A.
      explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department.
   2. B.
      explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by points
   3. C.
      tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment system
   4. D.
      convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers

As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients (原料) that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread.

Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don' t become bilingual (双语的) by learning lists of vocabulary. You don' t become a speaker of a language by memorizing grammatical rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its basic means of communication.

I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast (酵母), salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团).

In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, ‘‘Have you already eaten?” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread.

Remember the old saying, “If you can’ t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen". This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In other words, we can' t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen.

However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen—in the heat—until the combined

ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He is glad that he did not "get out of the kitchen” at the important moment when the oven seemed too hot.

Now the baker enjoys good bread, seated at the table with family members and guests. However, he does not focus on "bread" but rather on enjoying the whole feast: fine salads, pastas, fresh vegetables, rich desserts and so on. And the language learner has arrived when he no longer needs to focus on language. Language merely becomes one element in the "feast" of membership in his chosen community.