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Not long ago, the only time you could see a robot was when you were reading a novel or watching a movie such as Star Wars. Today, 36 a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting to _37_ in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes and colors. But they all have the same _38_ of man-made “_39_”. Leading the robot revolution(革命) are industrial robots that work in factories. Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often _40_ and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also coming to American homes, though not as quickly asthey are entering _41_. These robots aren’t as friendly and _42_ as those you saw in Star Wars. But, their makers say, today’s home robots “walk” and sense objects in their own way. They even _43_ objects though they may sometimes drop. Well, nobody is _44_.
We may _45_ home robots today, but some day they may see and hear _46_ than humans do. We _47_
can only see certain wave lengths of light and hear certain _48_. That’s because the _49_ of our eyes and ears are _50_.
Robots, however, need not have the same limits _51_ we have. Robots may also be _52_ wit devices(装置) that _53_ information humans can’t. However, to understand _54_ their sensing devices pick up is a hard job.
Remember, man-made brains _55_ information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones.
Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like---using only zeroes and ones.
36. A. however B. whenever C. on the other hand D. in other words
37. A. come B. appear C. enter D. raise
38. A. variety B. dozen C. score D. type
39. A. muscle B. body C. brain D. appearance
40. A. surprising B. boring C. pleasant D. exciting
41. A. homes B. factories C. schools D. offices
42. A. certain B. pleasing C. bright D. foolish
43. A. carry B. forget C. remember D. choose
44. A. wonderful B. excellent C. happy D. perfect
45. A. play jokes on B. make fun of C. laugh at D. have fun with
46. A. worse B. faster C. better D. sooner
47. A. fellows B. humans C. beings D. friends
48. A. noise B. voice C. sounds D. speeches
49. A. sight B. length C. distance D. ability
50. A. enough B. endless C. limited D. hopeful
51. A. as B. since C. for D. while
52. A. given B. equipped C. sent D. applied
53. A. pick out B. pick up C. send up D. send out
54. A. how B. where C. what D. which
55. A. deal B. handle C. seek D. provide
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| Not long ago, the only time you could see a robot was when you were reading a novel or watching a movie such as Star Wars. Today, 1 a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting to 2 in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes and colors. But they all have the same 3 of man-made " 4 ". Leading the robot revolution (革命) are industrial robots that work in factories. Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often 5 and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also coming to American homes, though not as quickly as they are entering 6 . These robots aren't as friendly and 7 as those you saw in Star Wars. But, their makers say, today's home robots "walk" and sense objects in their own way. They even 8 objects though they may sometimes drop. Well, nobody is 9 . We may 10 home robots today, but some day they may see and hear 11 than humans do. We 12 can only see certain wave lengths of light and hear certain 13 . That's because the 14 of our eyes and ears are 15 . Robots, however, need not have the same limits 16 we have. Robots may also be 17 wit devices (装置) that 18 information humans can't. However, to understand 19 their sensing devices pick up is a hard job. Remember, man-made brains 20 information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones. Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like-using only zeroes and ones. | ||||
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Not long ago, the only time you could see a robot was when you were reading a novel or watching a movie such as Star Wars. Today, 36 a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting to _37_ in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes and colors. But they all have the same _38_ of man-made “_39_”. Leading the robot revolution(革命) are industrial robots that work in factories. Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often _40_ and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also coming to American homes, though not as quickly asthey are entering _41_. These robots aren’t as friendly and _42_ as those you saw in Star Wars. But, their makers say, today’s home robots “walk” and sense objects in their own way. They even _43_ objects though they may sometimes drop. Well, nobody is _44_.
We may _45_ home robots today, but some day they may see and hear _46_ than humans do. We _47_
can only see certain wave lengths of light and hear certain _48_. That’s because the _49_ of our eyes and ears are _50_.
Robots, however, need not have the same limits _51_ we have. Robots may also be _52_ wit devices(装置) that _53_ information humans can’t. However, to understand _54_ their sensing devices pick up is a hard job.
Remember, man-made brains _55_ information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones.
Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like---using only zeroes and ones.
36. A. however B. whenever C. on the other hand D. in other words
37. A. come B. appear C. enter D. raise
38. A. variety B. dozen C. score D. type
39. A. muscle B. body C. brain D. appearance
40. A. surprising B. boring C. pleasant D. exciting
41. A. homes B. factories C. schools D. offices
42. A. certain B. pleasing C. bright D. foolish
43. A. carry B. forget C. remember D. choose
44. A. wonderful B. excellent C. happy D. perfect
45. A. play jokes on B. make fun of C. laugh at D. have fun with
46. A. worse B. faster C. better D. sooner
47. A. fellows B. humans C. beings D. friends
48. A. noise B. voice C. sounds D. speeches
49. A. sight B. length C. distance D. ability
50. A. enough B. endless C. limited D. hopeful
51. A. as B. since C. for D. while
52. A. given B. equipped C. sent D. applied
53. A. pick out B. pick up C. send up D. send out
54. A. how B. where C. what D. which
55. A. deal B. handle C. seek D. provide
查看习题详情和答案>>Close relationships, thought to help communication by giving speakers a common context, are actually more likely to make crossed wires than when strangers are involved, a new study suggests.
Because close colleagues and friends already share so much common knowledge that they often use short, ambiguous(模糊的) messages which can lead to misunderstandings.
“People are so used to talking with those with whom they already share a great deal of information that, when they have something really new to share, they often present it in a way that they assume the person already knows it.” says study-team member Boaz Keysar.
Keysar and his graduate student, Shall Wu, trained 40 pairs of undergraduate students to memorize made-up names and descriptions of strange shapes. In each pair, the “director” had to communicate the identity of one of the 24 shapes. The partner had to use the information to choose the correct shape from a set of three images on a computer monitor.
Half of the partners studied only the first six shapes, while the others learned the first 18 shapes. The directors, who had memorized all the shapes, were aware of their partners’ knowledge levels of the shapes.
In the pairs with the most shared knowledge, the directors were more likely to rattle off (快速背出)shape names, compared with pairs with little knowledge overlap(重合), in which the directors were more likely to describe the actual shapes. Not surprisingly, participants with more shared knowledge were twice as likely to ask for clarification as those with less overlap.
Language itself can be confusing. “The reason all this is happening at all is that language in general is ambiguous,” said Keysar.
He recalls an ambiguous billboard near a stadium holding a Rolling Stones concert that night. The billboard read, “Avoid LSD tonight.” (注：LSD常作”迷幻药”的缩略语)
Hmmm? “It was about Lake Shore Drive, and I’m sure the writer of the sign didn’t realize he was being ambiguous,” Keysar said.
“Even though miscommunication can lead to missed meetings or deadlines, people are often unaware when their language is ambiguous,” Keysar added, “We don’t realize we say things that are ambiguous,” he said, “and that’s a problem.”
64. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Electric wires joined together. B. Riddles hard to figure out.
C. Misunderstandings in communication. D. Offensive remarks.
65. In Keysar’s experiment, which of the following gives more accurate descriptions of the shapes?
A. The “directors” of the pairs with little shared knowledge.
B. The “directors” of the pairs who shared more knowledge.
C. The partners whose directors rattle off shape names.
D. The partners whose directors give clear clarifications.
66. It can be inferred from the example of the billboard that _________.
A. most people know what LSD usually refers to
B. local people would not misunderstand the meaning of LSD
C. the writer of the sign means to play jokes on those attending the concert
D. people sometimes ignore the limitation of shared knowledge
67. By this passage, the author mainly wants to say ___________.
A. ambiguous language can lead to misunderstandings
B. familiarity can mess up communication
C. accurate descriptions of identity help guess shapes
D. close relationships do not mean good communication
查看习题详情和答案>>Close your eyes and think of someone who has hurt you. The offence may be severe or small but deeply painful. He may be a stranger — the driver who caused your accident or someone who took your child. More likely, it is someone close and trusted. It may even be yourself.
Let all the anger and hurt you feel for that wrongdoer gradually come to the surface. Feel your heart beating quickly, your stomach churning (翻腾) and your thoughts racing in dark directions. OK, stop. Now, forgive the offender. Don’t just remember the bitterness, but wish him well and move on — whether he is sorry or not.
Many researchers think forgiveness may be medicine for the body. They have shown that “forgiveness interventions (介入)” — often just a couple of short sessions in which the wounded are guided towards positive feelings for an offender — can reduce pain and depression and increase quality of life among the very ill.
Like proper nutrition and exercise, forgiveness appears to be a behaviour that a patient can learn, exercise and repeat as needed to prevent disease and preserve health. But the new science worries many in mental health who fear that traumatised (精神受创伤的) patients face pressure to forgive when their desire to do so is not fully developed.
While much of the early work on forgiveness has focused on forgiveness of others, scientists are turning up evidence that forgiving oneself may have a more powerful effect on overall health. “Sometimes people hurt us, and we move on, and it might fade,” says Loren Toussaint, a psychologist who with colleagues was the first to establish a long-term link between people’s health and their likeliness to forgive. However, Dr. Toussaint has been surprised to learn that those who hold onto self-blame may suffer more. As he says, “The human mind is sometimes an instrument of suffering.”
68. The first paragraph mainly wants to tell readers that ______.
A. it’s easy for us to remember who has hurt us B. we may be hurt by any person
C. any offence is deeply painful D. to forgive others is to forgive ourselves
69. What does the underlined word “so” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. Forgiveness. B. Treatment. C. Health preservation. D. Pain reduction.
70. According to Dr. Toussaint, which of the following may be the most useful thing for our health?
A. Self-blame. B. Forgiving others. C. Showing anger. D. Forgiving ourselves.
71. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Happiness keeps you away from diseases B. Learn to treat yourself well
C. Forgive — and forget the doctor D. How to forgive others
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