Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

    On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

     To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.

     Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

     Some societies have 'universalist' cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.

     'Particularist' societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwrinen ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

     This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.

1.Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americarts and Australians

A. like traveling better

B. easy to communicate with

C. difficult 1o make rcal friends

D. have a long-term relationship with their neighbors

2.People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those

A. who will tell them everything of their own

B. who want to do business with them

C. they know quite well

D. who are good at talking

3.A person from a less mobile society will feel it_____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.

A. boring       B. friendly        C. normal            D. rough

4.Which of the following is true about "particularist societies"?

A. There is no rule for people to obey.

B. People obey the society's rules completely.

C. No one obeys the society's ruies though they have.

D. The society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations.

5.The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different__________.

A. interests        B. habits and customs

C. cultures        D. ways of life

He lost his arms in an accident that claimed his father’s life who was the main   36  of support for the family. He had to   _37__  the arms of his younger brother，and his younger brother became his ___38 _ ，never leaving him alone for years. Except for writing with his toes，he was completely unable to do   _39_   in his life.

One late night，his younger brother accompanied him into the toilet and went back to  __40__ . But being so   41___ ，his younger brother fell asleep，leaving him on the toilet for two hours. As the two brothers grew up together，they had their share of problems and they would often  __42__  . His younger brother wanted to live   _43__  from him，living his own life，as many normal people do. So he was   44 __ and didn't know what to do.

A   _45__  misfortune befell(降临) a girl. One night her mother，who suffered from mental illness ___46_  . So her father went out looking for her mother，leaving her alone at home. She tried to prepare a   __47_   for her parents，only to overturn the stove，  _48 __  in a fire which took her hands away.

Though her elder sister who was studying in another city，showed her   _49__  to take care of her，she was determined to be completely   _50__ . At school，she always studied hard.

One day，the boy and the girl were both invited to appear on a television interview program. They were both asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes. The boy wrote： My younger brother’s arms are my arms；  51_  the girl wrote: Broken wings，flying heart.

Disasters can    52_  at any time. If you choose only to complain and    53    from the ordeal(苦难的经历)，it will always follow you wherever you go. But if you decide to be       ___54   ，the hardship will turn out to be a(n)   55   on which new hopes will arise.

第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Years ago in Scotland Clark and his wife worked and saved, making plans for their family to travel to the United States. Finally they had saved enough money and gotten passports. The entire family were filled with excitement. However, before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up（缝合） the boy but hung a yellow sheet on the Clarks’ front door. Because of the possibility of rabies(狂犬病), they were separated for fourteen days.

The family’s dream was dashed(破灭). They would not be able to make the trip to America as they planned. The father, filled with disappointment and anger, wept bitter tears and cursed（咒骂）both his son and God for their misfortune.

Five days later, the tragic(悲剧的，悲惨的) news spread throughout Britain — Titanic, which was on her maiden(首次的) voyage on April 14,1912, had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family should have been on that ship, but because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were left behind.

When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for turning what he had felt was a tragedy(悲剧，惨剧) into a blessing(赐福，幸事).

［写作内容］

1) 以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2) 然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次经历，并包括以下要点：

a) 叙述你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次真实或虚构的经历；

b) 谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友的影响。

［写作要求］

1. 可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2. 标题自定。

［评分标准］概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention. Finally, the driver, a man about 60, looked up from behind the wheel and apologized, “I’m sorry, but I was reading a letter.” He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough.
Since I was in no hurry, I told him to finish his letter. He shook his head, explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart. Curious, I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild. “This isn’t family,” he replied. “Though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family, Old Ed and I grew up together.”
They were always friends. But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago, it’d generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them. A couple of weeks ago, Ed died. “I should have kept in touch.” He repeated this, more to himself than to me. To comfort him, I said sometimes we just didn’t seem to find the time. “But we used to find the time,” he said. “Take a look.” He handed the letter over to me.
The first sentence “I’ve been meaning to write for some time, but I’ve always delayed it.” reminded me of myself. It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together. When I read the part where it said “Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that”, I found myself nodding in agreement.
We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: “So I thought you’d like to know that I was thinking of you.” And it was ended with “Your Old Friend, Tom.”
“I thought your friend’s name was Ed,” I said.
“I’m Tom,” he explained. “It’s a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he’d died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.” His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.
When I got to my hotel room I didn’t unpack right away. I had to write a letter and post it.
【小题1】From Paragraph 4, we learn that the author _______.

阅读下面短文， 从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Recently I understood the true meaning of love. That would have been, Kane, a boy. Kane was the two-year-old son of Joline, my new neighbor, who moved here from California.

Kane was born with hard sticks for    . And on that morning I        the effect that Kane’s physical        had on his family. But I also witnessed so much        that.

 I saw an extraordinary family that embraced this special child, a family that wouldn't allow Kane to know he was       . Joline had constructed a small cart just a few inches        the floor for his son to get around. Using his hands to move about, the cart       Kane to “go to” any place just as        else was able to do. Kane was more than just a member of the family, he was the       .

 Much later in my life, I came to        that God had sent this child to help some of us who just weren’t getting what        was all about. Even with my limited capacity for understanding at that time I knew that Kane was a        developed spirit with great wisdom.

 Kane demanded attention,        not because of his mobility challenges or other apparent shortcomings. In his mind, he had no        or shortcomings. The truth is that he received        because he was alive and real and had so much to offer.

 Kane was and        is lots of warm and powerful energy       to us all so we might learn that       ： Love surpasses all things. If you met this kid, you’d want him for a friend        he was with so much to       .

1.A. hands                                     B. feet                                   C. legs                                   D. arms

2.A. witnessed                         B.observed                            C. concluded                       D. mentioned

3.A. faults                             B. mistakes                           C. obstacles                          D. shortcomings

4.A. rather than                            B. more than                        C. other than                       D. or rather

5.A. irregular                                B. different                          C. normal                              D. unfortunate

6.A. down                             B. away                                 C. back                                  D. off

7.A. arranged                                B. allowed                            C. transformed                    D. removed

8.A. everybody                   B. somebody                        C. anybody                           D. nobody

9.A. symbol                                   B. signal                                C. soul                                   D. mark

10.A. recognize                            B. experience                      C.imagine                    D. realize

11.A. love                             B. confidence                      C. wisdom                   D. power

12.A. probably                    B. generally                          C. highly                                D. largely

13.A. and                                  B. but                                      C.or                                       D. as

14.A. commitments                B. promises                           C. expectations          D. challenges

15.A. attention                       B. attraction                            C. description                      D. impression

16.A. even                                     B. yet                                     C. almost                               D. still

17.A. created                                B. released                           C. sent                                   D. responded

18.A. lesson                                  B. message                           C. notice                               D. note

19.A. once                                     B. while                                 C. before                              D. because

20.A.receive                                 B. give                                   C. handle                              D. change