Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.

Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         .

2.Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with       according to the study.

3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?

4.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

5.We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper.

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.

Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         .

2.Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with       according to the study.

3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?

4.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

5.We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper.

American schools do not have separate classes for boys and girls. If boys want to cook or to sew, they can learn these things in classes that are no longer just for girls. If girls want to repair cars, they can now learn this in school. Most students like to have boys and girls on the same baseball team.

Many boys and girls dress alike in school. They were blue jeans and sport shirts. Some have long hair and some have short hair. Sometimes a boy has longer hair than a girl.

Even the language is different. Students learn to say fire fighter instead of fireman, police officer instead of policeman, and letter carrier instead of mailman. A person does not need to be a man to fight a fire or to deliver the mail.

Most people think that these changes are good. They give all people an equal chance to be happy and to do what they want to do with their lives. Fathers like to tell their sons that they can grow up to be president. Today, mothers can tell the same things to there daughters.

Students in American schools learn to say police officer instead of policeman because____.

A. boys don’t like to be a policeman

B. girls don’t like to be a policeman

C. police officer sounds better than policeman

D. a police officer can be a policeman or policwoman

We may infer from the text that in the past in American schools____.

A. there were many differences between boys and girls

B. boys could do everything but girls couldn’t

C. boys and girls were the same in everything

D. girls only learned how to sew and cook

The underlined word “ They” in the last paragraph refers to ____.

A. American schools    B. these changes    C. most people    D. American students

What does “mailman” mean?

A. Milkman    B. Postman    C. Writer    D. Reporter

What do most people think of the changes in American schools?

A. Surprising   B. Strange    C. Good    D. Bad

完形填空（共20题，每小题1分，满分20分）
A couple of months ago I was renting a house to work from. I was fairly well set up, but didn't own a lawn mower(割草机) and after a week I __26___ that I would have to find some way to deal with the __27___ grass! Funds were short, and I was on a fairly tight budget which didn't extend(包括)to __28___ lawnmowing company.
I was thinking about this one Sunday as the "Mr. Whippy" ice cream van （大篷车）__29__outside on the street. I hadn't had a Mr. Whippy ice cream for years, and  I __30__my coin purse and __31__outside. On the pavement were three young __32__playing. I thought a couple of them may have been from next door, but I was new there and hadn't really __33__anyone yet.
It was a __34__day and I asked them if they'd like an ice cream. "Yes, please," they replied__35___. At that moment a fourth boy _36___them from the neighboring house. Yes, he'd __37__one too!! And there was just enough _38__to cover five ice creams. As I left the van, I heard the lady serving the boys say, "That was a really __39__ thing that lady did for you boys. Don't forget to __40__ her." I smiled as I went inside to carry on working.
I left for work that evening, and didn't __41__until the Tuesday morning. As I came back, I realized something was__42__: Yes, my lawns had been mowed and my gardens had been weeded. I felt this enormous __43__ rush into my heart. I knew my neighbors had done this for me.
This act of __44__not only made a big difference to me, __45_ it was also inspired me to act further in our community.

Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)
Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children – conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place.
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.
1.What is the best title for this passage?
A.only co-education can be in harmony with society.
B.people are in great need of co-education.
C.any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.
D.co-education has many features.
2.what does co-education offer to children?
A.A society.
B.A true small model of society.
C.A real life.
D.True version of social condition.
3.According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?
A.It is for students to acquire knowledge.
B.It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.
C.It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.
D.It is for students to get academic achievements.
4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
A.They live together and know each other too well.
B.Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.
C.co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.
D.They are familiar with each other’s problems.