摘要: 模仿,仿效v. 47 .遭受

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 Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word“obey”is hardly exact as a description of the eager and delighted co- operation(合作) usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.

  Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It’s agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particular expression like delight, pain, friendliness and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self - imitation(自我模仿)leads out to deliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

  It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will. change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of“ mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however , whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of his ability in an attempt to teach new words.

 Children who start speaking late ________

  A. may have problems with their listening

  B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

  C. usually pay close attention to what they hear

  D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

  A baby’s first noises are ________ .

  A. an expression of his moods and feelings

  B. an early form of language

  C. an imitation of the speech of adults

  D. a sign that he means to tell you something

  The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitation can be considered as speech ________ .

  A. is important because words have different meanings for different people

  B. is not especially important because the change takes place gradually

  C. is one that should be ignored(忽略)because children’s use of words is often meaningless

  D. is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

  The speaker implies that ________ .

  A. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitation

  B. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

  C. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

  D. patents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

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  ARIEL, West Bank: A suicide bomber blew up near Israeli soldiers outside a Jewish settlement in the West Bank yesterday, killing at least three people and wounding about 30 others, the settlement's mayor and rescue workers said.

  "A suicide bomber came and there were many soldiers...and he blew himself up." said Ron Nachman, mayor of the settlement of Ariel. "Soldiers were among the casualties. "People on the spot said the bomber blew up after soldiers eating at a food stand in a petrol station at the entrance of the settlement found him. According to some people on the spot accounts reported by Israeli media, a soldier shot and wounded the bomber, who then exploded.

  The Magen David Adorn ambulance service said at least three people were killed and at least 30 wounded in the blast, which set the bomber burning at Ariel, about 25 kilometers east of Tel Avi v.

  A fire brigade official said: "The bomber was still burning when we got there and we put out the fire immediatelly."

  Meanwhile, a blast shook homes in Lebanon's largest Palestinian refugee camp early yesterday, damaging buildings but causing no injuries, Palestinian sources said. They said the bomb was planted outside the home of a member of Palestimian President Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction in Ain el-Hilwch camp, and exploded while the family was sleeping.

  Some of people including ________were killed or wounded in the blast accident.

  A. soldiers            B. mayor

  C. rescue workers         D. a fire brigade official

   The suicide bomber blew himself up because________.

  A. there was something wrong with his brains

  B. a soldier shot and wounded him

  C. he couldn't see the settlement's mayor

  D. he wanted to make himself known

  What does the underlined word "casuahies" probably mean in the second paragraph?________

  A. sufferers   B. killers     C. passersby   D. losers

  It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a (n)________.

  A. announcement         B. advertisement

  C. news report          D. science research

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