Are you a compulsive spender，or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay in cash? Your answers to these questions will reflect your personality．According to psychologists，our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values，but can also stem from past problems．
Experts in psychology believe that for many people，money is an important symbol of strength and influence．Husbands who complain about their wives’ spending habits may be afraid that they are losing power in their marriage．Wives，on the other hand，may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands．In addition，many people consider money a symbol of love．They spend it on their family and friends to express love，or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love．
People can be addicted to different things —for example，alcohol，drugs，certain foods，or even television．They are compulsive in their addictions，i．e．they must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable．In the same way，according to psychologists，compulsive spenders must spend money．
For people who buy on credit，furthermore，charge accounts are even more exciting than money：in other words，they feel that with credit，they can do anything．Their pleasures in spending enormous amounts are actually greater than those they get from the things they buy．
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting．To save money，of course，most people look for sales，low prices，and discounts．Compulsive bargain hunters，however，often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap．They want to believe that they are helping their budgets，but they are really playing an exciting game：when they can buy something for less than other people，they feel that they are winning．Most people，experts claim，have two reasons for their behavior：a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason．
It is not only scientists，of course，who understand the psychology of spending habits，but also business people．Stores，companies，and advertisers use psychology to increase business：they consider people’s needs for love，power，or influence，their basic values，their beliefs and opinions， etc．in their advertising and sales methods．
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy（疗法）”to help individuals solve their personality problems．In the same way，they can help people who feel that they have problems with money：they give them “assignments” If a person buys something in every store that he enters， for instance，a therapist might teach him self discipline in this way：on the first day of his therapy， he must go into a store，stay five minutes，and then leave．On the second day，he should stay for ten minutes and try something on．On the third day，he stays for fifteen minutes，asks the salesclerk a question，but does not buy anything．Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn’t buy anything，and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying．
【小题1】If you use charge accounts，           ．

The word “cool”

“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to express feelings or interest in almost anything.

When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say “It’s cool.” You may think “He’s so cool.” You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student’s paper was just the one sentence, “It’s cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and how he felt.

But the story also show a scarcity(缺乏) of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. Can you think of any other words that make your life as colorful as the word “cool”? I can. And I think they are also very cool.

31. We know the word “cool” has had ____.

A. many different meanings   B. only one meaning

C. the same meaning         D. no meaning

32. If you are ____ something, you may say “It’s cool.”

A. afraid of   B. unhappy with   C. interested in   D. angry with

33. The sentence “It’s cool.” On the student’s paper may mean “It looks really ____.”

A. careful    B. wonderful    C. thankful     D. painful

34. The writer takes an example to show he ____ the way the word is used.

A. strange to    B. pleased with    C. worried about     D. excited at

The word “cool”

“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to express feelings or interest in almost anything.

When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say “It’s cool.” You may think “He’s so cool.” You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student’s paper was just the one sentence, “It’s cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and how he felt.

But the story also show a scarcity(缺乏) of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. Can you think of any other words that make your life as colorful as the word “cool”? I can. And I think they are also very cool.

31. We know the word “cool” has had ____.

A. many different meanings   B. only one meaning

C. the same meaning         D. no meaning

32. If you are ____ something, you may say “It’s cool.”

A. afraid of   B. unhappy with   C. interested in   D. angry with

33. The sentence “It’s cool.” On the student’s paper may mean “It looks really ____.”

A. careful    B. wonderful    C. thankful     D. painful

34. The writer takes an example to show he ____ the way the word is used.

A. strange to    B. pleased with    C. worried about     D. excited at

A woman from Japan ，who had visited major businesses and investment companies in New York City ，was telling a friend about her trip to the US．"I studied English before I left home．But I still was not sure that people were speaking English."

Her problem is easy to understand．Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere．They have a language of their own．Some of the words and expressions deal with the special areas of their work．Other expressions are borrowed from different kinds of work such as the theater and movie industry.

One such saying is get your act together.

When things go wrong in a business, an employer may get angry．He may shout, "Stop making mistakes．Get your act together."

Or, if the employer is calmer, he may say, "Let us get our act together."

Either way, the meaning is the same．Getting your act together is getting organized．In business, it usually means to develop a calm and orderly plan of action.

It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began．Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes．The director may have said, "Calm down, now．Get your act together."

Word expert James Rogers says the expression was common by the late 1970s．He says the Manchester Guardian newspaper used it in 1978．The newspaper said a reform policy required that the British government get its act together.

Now, this expression is heard often when officials of a company meet．One company even called its yearly report, "Getting Our Act Together."

1．Paragraph1 is written mainly to _______

　 A．tell us the Japanese woman’s English is poor

　 B．lead to the subject in the whole passage

　 C．tell us it is important to grasp spoken English

　 D．tell us traveling in the US is very difficult

2．The reason why the woman was not sure that people were speaking English was that ______

　 A．they speak too fast to follow

　 B．they didn’t want the woman to learn their experience

　 C．they have some special words and expressions of their own in their field .

　 D．they are from theater and movie industry

3．The saying “ get your act together” in Paragraph 4 means _______

　 A．Don’t do that again 　　　 B．You are dismissed

　 C．Calm down 　　　　　　　　　 D．Get organized

4．We can infer that the saying “get your act together.” ________

　 A．began from movie industry.

　 B．was created by Word expert James Rogers in the 1970s

　 C．is used commonly in businesses and investment companies at present

　 D．was first used by the Manchester Guardian newspaper

“Cool”is a word with many meanings．Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold．As the world has changed，the word has had many different meaning．

“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything．

When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，“It's cool．”You may think，“He's so cool，”when you see your favorite footballer．

We all maximize（扩大） the meaning of“cool”．You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”．Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used．A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall（瀑布）they had visited．On one student's paper was Just the one sentence，“It's so cool．Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt．

But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words．Without “cool”，some people have no words to show the same meaning．So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）．Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”？ I can．And I think they are also very cool．

We know that the word "cool" has had ________.

   A．only one meaning                    B．no meanings

   C．many different meanings             D．the same meaning

In the passage，the word“express” means“________”.

   A．see         B．show           C．know          D．feel

If you are _______ something，you may say，“It’s cool.”

   A．interested in                B．angry about

   C．afraid of                    D．unhappy with

In the passage，the writer suggests（暗示）that the word “cool”________．

   A．can be used instead of many words

   B．usually means something interesting

   C．can make your life colorful

   D．may not be as cool as it seems