单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

61．S______ is the system by which some people are owned by others.       

62．Fifty years ago, mixed-race marriages were f________.      

63．The police a_____ Rosa Parks, a black woman who refused to give her seat to a white man..       

64．Do you know which big cities are at the same a______ as Rio de Janeiro?.       

65．There are many café, shops and restaurants on Copacabana’s main a________ .      

66．It is very relaxing to take a d______ in the pool in summer.    

67．There is a w______ belief among bioengineers that it will be one day be possible to create life under laboratory conditions. .         

68．It is easier for a physical wound to heal than a m______ one.       

69．Although Sam left school more than ten years ago, he still keeps in touch with his f_____ classmates .        

70．Some people are g______ for money and some for power. .

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual（知识的） opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
【小题1】By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

     A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be ________ everyone is in a hurry ---- often under pressure.

   a. what                         b. that            c. which              d. one in which

Young drivers are over-represented in alcohol--related driving accidents. In recent years, people aged 16 to 24 were involved in 28 percent of all alcohol--related driving accidents, although they make up only 14% of the U. S. population. Young people are also over--represented in drinking driver injuries and deaths. Even when their blood alcohol contents (BACs) are not high, young drinkers are involved in driving accidents at higher rates than older drivers with similar BACs.

Fortunately, driving accidents have been declining among young people, just as they have among the general population. And deaths associated with young drinking drivers (those 16 to 24 years of age) are down, having dropped 47% in a recent 15--year period.

In contrast to popular belief, drinking among young people is dropping and has been doing so for many years. For example, statistics demonstrate that within a period of about 20 years, the proportion of American high school seniors who have ever consumed alcohol is down 13%；the proportion of those who have consumed alcohol within the previous year is down 15%.

Exaggerating the degree of drinking problems of young people may create an unexpected problem. When young people go to college falsely believing that most others are drinking heavily, then they may try to follow suit. Thus, those who exaggerate the problem of alcohol abuse actually contribute to the problem and make it worse. However, when students find out that most others don’t drink as much as they incorrectly believed, they are very likely to drink less and even give up. So, honest accuracy rather than dishonest exaggeration is the most effective way to reduce alcohol abuse and the problems it causes.

60. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____.

A. in the U. S. people aged 16 to 24 caused half of the alcohol--related driving accidents

B. young drinkers are more likely to cause accidents than adult drinkers

C. young drinkers are able to keep calm when their BACs are not high

D. people aged 16 to 24 make up a quarter of the U. S. population

61. It can be inferred from Para. 3 that ____.

A. high school seniors turn to alcohol to get rid of their pressure

B. it’s a fact that young people are drinking more nowadays

C. the number of high school students in the U. S is dropping

D. most people believe more and more young people are becoming addicted to drinking

62. The underlined phrase “follow suit” in the last paragraph means ____.

A. stop drinking

B. wear the same suit as others do

C. start drinking

D. hate what others do

63. Which of the following statements does the author agree to?

A. Driving should be forbidden among people aged 16 to 24.

B. Many young people in the U. S. are acting totally irresponsibly.

C. The drinking problems of young people are turning for the better.

D. Students will stop drinking if they believe most others are drinking heavily.

In 1999, twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later, the amount was almost double that.

A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation, behavior and attendance rates. Academic performance was unchanged.

Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement. Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies.

Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.

Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria, who has looked at those findings, says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.

She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings. The district increased punishments for misbehavior. And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.

In Florida, for example, researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas, Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms, but no effect on attendance.

Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998. He collected the reports in the book. In his own study, he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚州) required uniforms.

Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning. But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship. In fact, he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.

Which was/ were the first in the U.S. to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools?

A. Six big-city Ohio public schools.   

B. The school district in Long Beach, California.

C. Some Middle and high schools in Texas.  

D. Some elementary and middle schools in Florida. 

Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?

A. Viktoria and Sharon.      B. Sharon and David.

C. Eloise and Sharon.        D. Viktoria and David.

The underlined word “misbehavior” in the sixth paragraph probably means ________.

A. serious crime           B. bad performance  

C. absence for class        D. action against wearing uniforms

What can we infer from the passage?

A. More work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect.

B. The number of schools requiring uniforms in the U.S. will become less sharply.

C. Wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning.

D. Politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies.  

What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the U.S.

B. Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance.

C. Researchers in the U.S. argue for school uniform policies.

D. Evidence for school uniform polices in the U.S. is seen as weak.