阅读理解:  阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes More often the doctors can’t fix the damage Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

1. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that_____.

A. the time is too short for doctors     

B. the patients are often too nervous

C. the damage is extremely hard to fix

D. the blood-cooling machine might break down w*w

2. The brain operation was made possible mainly by        .

A. taking the blood out of the brain         B. trying the operation on monkeys first

C. having the blood go through a machine      D. lowering the brain’s temperature

3. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain        .

A. can last as long as 30 minutes    B. can keep the brain’s blood warm

C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy  D. can help monkeys do different jobs

4. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?

A. send the cooled back to the brain       B. stop the blood to the brain

C. have the blood cooled down        D. operate on the brain

A. a, b, c, d       B. c, a, b, d       C. c, b, d, a       D. b, c, d, a

5. Which of the following is not true?

A. If there isn’t enough blood, the brain can live for only three to five minutes.

B. If the brain is very cold, it can live without blood for half an hour.

C. Dr. White tried his idea for thirteen times.

D. After their operations, the monkeys were healthy and busy again

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need.

根据短文内容，从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

1.There is considerable variety in university classrooms in the United States. Because of diverse teaching methods and non-standardized curricula (课程), no two courses are the same. Undergraduate courses are considerable different from graduate courses. The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities may differ from that in community colleges， which are free and open to everyone.

2.Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.

3.Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades.

4.Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. Thus, cheating on tests, Plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other's ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited (禁止).

5.Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive. International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. in classes where such a grading curve is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer.

The oil resources which are left will not last very long. This means that all vehicles such as cars, trains, buses, planes and ships that need oil to work will not be able to run. So it will be necessary to develop a new system of transport which uses a fuel more than oil. Electric vehicles are one possibility. In Britain, most families have at least one car and this car is used every day. It could be that only one person in the family drives the car to work or for shopping. The number of cars on the road which are almost empty perhaps helps to explain why the oil is used up so quickly. The family car is a very useful form of transport but it is also a great waste of energy, especially if it is compared with buses or trains. Much petrol is used by a car which is traveling at 120 kilometers an hour. Clearly, it would be better if there were fewer cars on the road and more speed limits so that the oil which is left will last as long as possible.

About 25% of Britain’s total consumption of energy is domestic—it is used only in the home. Just over 20% is used for transport. Most of the energy is used in industry. It is difficult to suggest any possible energy conservation in industry because many of the suggestions would mean that some people would lose their jobs. It is important that industry produces the same amount of products using the same amount of workers.

Obviously, conservation is not going to be the answer to the energy crisis（危机）. The most it can do is to give more time for a better solution to be found. The more time which is available for new sources of energy to be developed, the better it is because there is still a lot of work to be done in order to find suitable, safe methods of producing energy.

1.In Britain, what reason could help to explain why oil is used up very quickly?

A．People use cars every day.

B．Most families have at least one car.

C．Many cars on the road are almost empty.

D．Electric vehicles are used.

2.Which of the following is true?

A．Compared with buses and trains, the family car is useful and can save energy.

B．A car driving at the speed of 80 kilometers per hour uses half as much petrol as a car traveling at 160 kilometers per hour.

C．It is possible for people to develop vehicles.

D．Limitation of the number of cars on the road and their speed will help the oil last longer.

3.What does the underlined word “domestic” mean in Paragraph Two?

A．For household use.                      B．On the road.

C．Slow driving.                           D．Fast driving.

4.What is a better way to solve the problem of the energy crisis?

A．Governments should cut down the number of family cars on the road.

B．The speed of vehicles must be limited.

C．New sources of energy should be found and developed.

D．Factories should cut down on production.

We all need a healthy environment. ____, we produce waste every day and it ____ harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do ____ to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real ____ to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a ____ life.

Remember these three _____: reduce, reuse and recycle.

Reduce means “use less”. Don't ____ things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really ____ or maybe the ____ one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from a ____ country.

Reuse means “use again”. Use things for ____ possible. When we buy things, make sure that they ____ a long time. We should take care of them ____ they will last, and we should ____ them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them ____.

Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it ____ energy to change something into something else, it’s better than ____ things or burning them. Find out ____ can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy ____ made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save ____.

1.A. Therefore      B. However      C. Otherwise     D. Besides

2.A. gives          B. takes         C. causes        D. does

3.A. something      B. everything    C. nothing        D. everything

4.A. difference      B. mistake       C. effect         D. help

5.A. busy          B. hard          C. green         D. happy

6.A. letters         B. words         C. sentences     D. lessons

7.A. buy           B. produce       C. save         D. waste

8.A. necessary      B. important      C. helpful       D. useful

9.A. cheap         B. expensive      C. new         D. old

10.A. rich           B. developed      C. foreign      D. poor

11.A. as soon as      B. as long as      C. as much as    D. as well as

12.A. use           B. last            C. keep        D. live

13.A. so that        B. if              C. because      D. though

14.A. sell           B. lend           C. throw        D. repair

15.A. less           B. more          C. again        D. better

16.A. costs          B. spends         C. takes        D. pays

17.A. throwing away  B. putting away    C. taking away   D. giving away

18.A. that           B. which         C. what         D. how

19.A. cups           B. bags          C. boxes        D. products

20.A. money         B. trees          C. paper        D. time