Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.      One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.     Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” for
Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? ——Why do welves howl for sure?
What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll rall”where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.

1. 1.

   .What the por similarity between wolves’ how humaes ting in chorus?

   1. A.
      The act of calling each other.
   2. B.
      the sense of accomplishment.
   3. C.
      The act of hunting for something.
   4. D.
      The sense of belonging to a group.
2. 2.

   .Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?

   1. A.
      Wolves separate from each other after howling.
   2. B.
      Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
   3. C.
      Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
   4. D.
      Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
3. 3.

   Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.

   1. A.
      show their ranks
   2. B.
      find their companion
   3. C.
      report the missing ones
   4. D.
      express their lonelingess
4. 4.

   .“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_______.

   1. A.
      howling is a signal for hunting
   2. B.
      howling is a way of communication
   3. C.
      howling aften occurs in the morning
   4. D.
      howling spreads from one to another

We've all experienced a "good cry"． Shedding （流） some tears can often make us feel better and help us put things in perspective． But why is crying beneficial? And is there such a thing as a "bad cry"?
The researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode （一段经历）． The majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying． However, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying． Criers who received social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood．
Research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the results often seem to depend on how crying is studied． The researchers note several challenges in accurately studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting． Volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not describe their experiences as making them feel better． Rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in the study participants feeling worse;  this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as being videotaped or watched by researchers． This may produce negative emotions, which neutralize （使无效） the positive benefits usually connected with crying．
However, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying． Criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress, including increased heart rate and sweating． What is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than the unpleasant． The calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying．
Research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears． For example, individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying． In addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse after crying．
【小题1】 We can infer from the passage that __________________．

We've all experienced a "good cry"． Shedding （流） some tears can often make us feel better and help us put things in perspective． But why is crying beneficial? And is there such a thing as a "bad cry"?

The researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode （一段经历）． The majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying． However, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying． Criers who received social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood．

Research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the results often seem to depend on how crying is studied． The researchers note several challenges in accurately studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting． Volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not describe their experiences as making them feel better． Rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in the study participants feeling worse;  this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as being videotaped or watched by researchers． This may produce negative emotions, which neutralize （使无效） the positive benefits usually connected with crying．

However, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying． Criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress, including increased heart rate and sweating． What is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than the unpleasant． The calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying．

Research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears． For example, individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying． In addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse after crying．

1. We can infer from the passage that __________________．

    A． people don't like being seen crying

    B． crying in public makes people feel better

    C． a bad cry is as common as a good cry

    D． a good cry can sometimes help us face problems rightly

2.The beneficial effects of crying can be shown when _________．

    A． your breath becomes slow            B． you sweat a lot．

    C． your face turns pale                D． you are being watched

3.Who will be least likely to feel worse after crying?

    A． People who receive help in course of crying．

    B． People who fail to understand their emotions．

    C． People who are anxious and nervous．

    D． People whose mood is not in order．

4.The passage is mainly about ___________．

    A． the types of crying                 B． the way of crying

    C． the psychology of crying           D． the causes of crying

Howling(吼叫) is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack(狼群). As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There’re different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus(合唱), and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status (地位) among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among pack mates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their

1. 1.

   What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?

   1. A.
      The act of calling each other.
   2. B.
      The sense of accomplishment.
   3. C.
      The act of hunting for something.
   4. D.
      The sense of belonging to a group.
2. 2.

   Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?

   1. A.
      Wolves separate from each other after howling.
   2. B.
      Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
   3. C.
      Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
   4. D.
      Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
3. 3.

   Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.

   1. A.
      show their ranks
   2. B.
      find their companions
   3. C.
      report the missing ones
   4. D.
      express their loneliness
4. 4.

   “Howling… is a contagious behaviour”（in the last paragraph）means_______.

   1. A.
      howling is a signal for hunting
   2. B.
      howling is a way of communication
   3. C.
      howling often occurs in the morning
   4. D.
      howling spreads from one to another

We've all experienced a "good cry". Shedding (流) some tears can often make us feel better and help us put things in perspective. But why is crying beneficial? And is there such a thing as a "bad cry"?

The researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode (一段经历). The majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying. However, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying. Criers who received social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood.

Research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the results often seem to depend on how crying is studied. The researchers note several challenges in accurately studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting. Volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not describe their experiences as making them feel better. Rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in the study participants feeling worse;  this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as being videotaped or watched by researchers. This may produce negative emotions, which neutralize (使无效) the positive benefits usually connected with crying.

However, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying. Criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress, including increased heart rate and sweating. What is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than the unpleasant. The calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying.

Research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears. For example, individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying. In addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse after crying.

67. We can infer from the passage that __________________.

A. people don't like being seen crying         

B. crying in public makes people feel better

C. a bad cry is as common as a good cry

D. a good cry can sometimes help us face problems rightly

68. The beneficial effects of crying can be shown when _________.

A. your breath becomes slow              B. you sweat a lot.

C. your face turns pale                    D. you are being watched

69. Who will be least likely to feel worse after crying?

A. People who receive help in course of crying.

B. People who fail to understand their emotions.

C. People who are anxious and nervous.

D. People whose mood is not in order.

70. The passage is mainly about ___________.

A. the types of crying                B. the way of crying

C. the psychology of crying           D. the causes of crying